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978-1-108-69718-7 — Grammar and Beyond Essentials Level 2 Student's Book with Online Workbook
Randi Reppen
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Simple Present
Are You Often Online?
Grammar in the Real World
A What kinds of things do you do on the Internet? Read the magazine article.
What is one good thing and one bad thing about spending time online?
B Comprehension Check Answer the questions.
1 What do sociologists disagree about?
2 How much time does the average person in the United States spend
online perweek?
3 What is face-to-face time? What are some examples of face-to-face time?
4 Does the article say not to use computers?
C
Notice
Find the sentences in the article and complete them.
1 In today’s busy world, people
a lot of time with
computers, and they
less and less time with people.
2 Sociologists
about this.
3 In the United States, the average person
24 hours a
week online.
4 Sometimes technology
people improve their
relationships with others.
Look at the words you wrote in the blanks. Which of the verbs end in
-s
?
1
2
UNIT
1
Cambridge University Press
978-1-108-69718-7 — Grammar and Beyond Essentials Level 2 Student's Book with Online Workbook
Randi Reppen
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Simple Present
Are You Often Online? 3
In today’s busy world, people spend a lot of time with computers,
and they spend less and less time with people. Does this change how
people interact with family and friends? Does it help or hurt people and
relationships? Sociologists
1
disagree about this. Some worry about the
Internet’s effect on our friends and family. Others think this is not
a problem.
Studies show that people spend less face-to-face
2
time with family
and friends than they did a few years ago. Instead, they play online
games, shop online, and also look at social networking sites. In the
United States, the average person spends 24hours a week online.
They interact face-to-face less, and this sometimes has bad effects.
For example, some people do not spend time together as a family
very often. They talk less because they spend more time online.
Sometimes technology helps people improve their relationships
with others. For example, social networking sites help people stay in
touch with friends and family who live far away. They enable people to
reconnect with old friends and classmates.
Are you worried about the time you spend online? If so, try to make
a schedule. Schedule time away from the computer to be with family
and friends. Try to balance online time with face-to-face time.
1
sociologist: someone who studies
people and society
2
face-to-face: meeting with someone in
the same place directly
Balancing
TIME ONLINE
and
TIME
WITH
PEOPLE
5
10
15
20
Cambridge University Press
978-1-108-69718-7 — Grammar and Beyond Essentials Level 2 Student's Book with Online Workbook
Randi Reppen
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4 Unit 1 Simple Present
Simple Present
Grammar Presentation
The simple present describes habits,
general truths, feelings, or thoughts.
Many people spend up to 24 hours a week online.
I play games online every night.
My sister loves to shop online.
2.1 Affirmative and Negative Statements
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
Subject Verb Subject
Do / Does
+ Not
Base Form
of Verb
I
You
We
They
shop
online.
I
You
We
They
do not
don’t
shop online.
He / She / It shops
He / She / It
does not
doesn’t
2.2 Affirmative and Negative Statements with
Be
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
Subject Be Subject Be + Not
I am
online.
I am not
online.
You
We
They
are
You
We
They
are not
He / She / It is
He / She / It is not
CONTRACTIONS
Affirmative Negative
I’m I’m not
You’re
We’re
They’re
You’re not
We’re not
They’re not
You aren’t
We aren’t
They aren’t
He’s
She’s
It’s
He’s not
She’s not
It’s not
He isn’t
She isn’t
It isn’t
2
Cambridge University Press
978-1-108-69718-7 — Grammar and Beyond Essentials Level 2 Student's Book with Online Workbook
Randi Reppen
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Are You Often Online? 5
Simple Present
2.3
Yes
/
No
Questions and Short Answers
Do / Does Subject
Base Form
of Verb Short Answers
Do
I
you
we
they
shop online?
Yes, I do.
Yes, you do.
Yes, we do.
Yes, they do.
No, I don’t.
No, you don’t.
No, we don’t.
No, they don’t.
Does he / she / it
Yes, he / she / it does. No, he / she / it doesn’t.
2.4 Information Questions and Answers
Wh- Word Do / Does Subject
Base Form
of Verb Answers
Where
When
How often
do
I
you
we
they
shop?
I shop online.
You shop at night.
We shop once a week.
They shop every day.
does he / she / it
He shops every night.
Wh- Word Verb Answers
Who uses e-mail? Everyone uses e-mail!
What helps people reconnect? The Internet helps people reconnect.
Research shows the contractions ’s not
and ’re not are more common after
pronouns (he, she, you, etc.) than isn’t
and aren’t.
Be careful not to use contractions in
formal writing.
’s not / ’re not
isn’t / aren’t
Say: “He’s not feeling well today.”
Write: He is not feeling well today.
Data from the Real World
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6 Unit 1 Simple Present
2.5 Using Simple Present Statements
Use the simple present to
describe habits and routines
(usual and regular activities).
I usually read the news online.
We eat together as a family on weekends.
Use the simple present to
describe facts, general truths,
feelings, or thoughts.
The average person
spends 24 hours a week online.
Some people worry about the effects of the Internet.
Use the simple present with
adverbs of frequency to say how
often something happens.
0% 100%
never seldom
hardly ever*
rarely
occasionally
sometimes
often usually
almost always
normally
always
*ever: at any time
Adverbs of frequency come
before the main verb in
affirmative statements but after
the verb be.
I occasionally play online games.
I am hardly ever free.
Do not use sometimes after not.
Note that meaning can change in
negative statements with adverbs
of frequency.
Sometimes people do not check e-mail.
People do not sometimes check e-mail.
I don’t always check e-mail.
(Does not mean “I never check e-mail.”)
Sometimes, occasionally,
normally, often, usually, and
almost always can come before
the verb or at the beginning or
end of a sentence.
I
usually check my e-mail at home.
Usually, I check my e-mail at home.
I check my e-mail at home usually.
Adverbs of frequency come
before the main verb in
questions.
Do you always study at night? Yes, I do.
Do you ever watch YouTube? No, I don’t.
Do not use negative adverbs of
frequency in negative sentences.
I
don’t usually shop online.
I don’t never shop online.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
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Are You Often Online? 7
Simple Present
2.6 Using Simple Present Questions
Answer when or what time
questions with time expressions.
What time do you shop online? I shop online at night.
When do you check e-mail? I check e-mail during the day.
When do you call your family? I call my family
on
Sunday night.
When do you shop at the mall? I shop at the mall
in December.
Answer how often questions with
frequency expressions.
How often do you shop? I shop
once a week.
How often do you check e-mail? I check e-mail three times
a day.
Grammar Application
Exercise 2.1 Statements
A Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
Use contractions when possible.
1 My family and friends
use
(use) the computer for all sorts of things.
2 I
(use) an online dictionary for my classes.
3 My friend Mark
(shop) for clothes online.
4 Our classmates Marta and Raul
(check) their e-mail at the library.
5 My best friend Ana
(not be) on any social networking sites.
6 Ana and her sister Claudia
(not buy) groceries online.
7 My family
(spend) a lot of time online.
8 My brother Sam is online a lot, but he also
(interact) with our family.
9 Technology
(not hurt) my relationships.
B Over to You Rewrite three sentences in A so they are true about you. Then compare
your sentences with a partner.
A I don’t use an online dictionary. How about you?
B No, I don’t, but I shop for clothes online.
A
B
Cambridge University Press
978-1-108-69718-7 — Grammar and Beyond Essentials Level 2 Student's Book with Online Workbook
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8 Unit 1 Simple Present
Exercise 2.2 Frequency Adverbs
Listen to Alex and Karen talk about their online activities. Complete the sentences with the
correct adverb of frequency.
1 Karen
hardly ever
goes to the mall.
2 Karen is
studying.
3 Karen
reserves library
books online.
4 Alex
goes to the library on
the weekend.
5 Karen
studies in the library.
6 Karen
studies at home.
7 Alex
meets up with friends.
8 Karen needs a break
.
Exercise 2.3 Time Expressions and Frequency Adverbs
Look at the things Brandon does online. Then complete the sentences. Circle the
correct answer.
Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat.
Watch videos
✓
Read the news
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Shop for groceries
✓ ✓
Play games
✓ ✓
Check e-mail
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Shop for clothes
1 Brandon occasionally / never watches videos online.
2 He checks e-mail sometimes / every day.
3 He seldom / often reads the news online.
4 Brandon always plays games on Thursday / on Saturday.
5 He shops for groceries online twice / once a week.
6 He hardly ever / never plays games.
7 Brandon always / rarely checks e-mail.
8 He never / sometimes shops for clothes online.
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Are You Often Online? 9
Simple Present
Exercise 2.4 Questions
A Unscramble the words to make questions. Then write two questions of your own.
1 own / Do / a computer? / you
Do you own a computer?
2 the news / Do / read / you / online?
3 often / shop online? / do / How / you
4 usually / check / do / you / your / Where / e-mail?
5 website? / your / favorite / is / What
6 music? / you / Do / download / sometimes
7
8
B Group Work Ask three classmates the questions in A. Answer your classmates’
questions. Give extra information.
A Do you own a computer?
B No, I don’t. But I use the computers at the library. They’re free!
C Pair Work Tell a partner some things you learned in B.
I own a computer, but Peter doesn’t. He uses the computers at the library.
Peter doesn’t shop online, but I do.
Time Clauses and
Factual Conditionals
Grammar Presentation
Time clauses in the present tense show the
sequence of events. Factual conditionals
describe things that are generally true in a
certain situation.
When I get home, I check my e-mail.
If it’s late, I don’t stay online for a long time.
3.1 Time Clauses
Time Clause Main Clause Main Clause Time Clause
Before
After
As soon as
When
I get to
work,
I check my
e-mail.
I check my
e-mail
before
after
as soon as
when
I get to
work.
3
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10 Unit 1 Simple Present
3.2 Factual Conditionals
Condition Main Clause Main Clause Condition
If I get an e-mail, I feel great! I feel great
if
I get an e-mail.
3.3 Using Time Clauses
Use time clauses to say when the
main clause happens.
Use after to introduce the first event.
SECOND EVENT FIRST EVENT
I check my e-mail after I get home.
Use as soon as to introduce the
first event when the second event
happens immediately after.
FIRST EVENT SECOND EVENT
As soon as I change my password, I forget it.
Use while when events happen at
the same time.
While I’m online, I check my e-mail.
When means “at almost the same
time.” Use when to introduce the
first event.
FIRST EVENT
I visit social networking sites
when I get home.
Use before to introduce the second
event.
SECOND EVENT FIRST EVENT
Before I go to work, I check my e-mail.
Use a comma if the time clause
comes first.
Before I go out, I check my e-mail.
After I check my e-mail, I read the news.
A time clause by itself is not a
complete sentence.
Before I go out, I turn off my computer.
Before I go out.
I turn off my computer.
3.4 Using Factual Conditionals
Use factual conditionals to describe things
that are generally true in certain situations.
The condition describes a situation. The main
clause describes the result of the situation.
CONDITION
If I need a recipe, I go to a cooking site.
Use if when one event depends on another
one happening.
If I need directions, I go to a map site.
(I go to a map site only because I need directions.)
A condition by itself is not a complete
sentence.
If I need directions, I go to a map site.
If I need directions. I go to a map site.
A
B
C
D
SECOND EVENT
E
F
G
A
MAIN CLAUSE (RESULT)
B
C
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Are You Often Online? 11
Simple Present
Grammar Application
Exercise 3.1 Time Clauses
A Read about Dave. Then complete the sentences. Circle the correct words.
■ Dave gets out of bed and immediately turns on
his computer.
■ Then he checks his e-mail.
■ He plays an online game. Then he goes to work.
■ At work, Dave checks his e-mail many times a day.
■ He gets home and immediately turns on his computer.
■ He stays at home all evening and plays online games.
■ He sometimes eats dinner and sits in front of his computer.
■ He visits a social networking site. Then he goes to bed.
1 As soon as / Before he gets out of bed in the morning, Dave turns on his computer.
2 After / Before he turns on his computer, he checks his e-mail.
3 He plays an online game when / before he goes to work.
4 As soon as / While he is at work, Dave checks his e-mail many times a day.
5 Before / As soon as Dave gets home, he turns on his computer again.
6 Dave usually plays online games after / while he is at home in the evening.
7 Dave sometimes eats dinner while / after he sits in front of his computer.
8 Dave visits a social networking site before / as soon as he goes to bed.
B Pair Work Compare your behavior with Dave’s. Discuss it with a partner.
A As soon as I get out of bed in the morning, I turn on my computer. How about you?
B I turn my computer on after I make coffee.