2019 NSDUH Public Use File Codebook

2019 NATIONAL SURVEY ON

DRUG USE AND HEALTH

PUBLIC USE FILE CODEBOOK

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality

Rockville, Maryland 20857

October 20, 2020

2019 NATIONAL SURVEY ON

DRUG USE AND HEALTH

PUBLIC USE FILE CODEBOOK

Contract No. HHSS283201700002C

Project No. 0215638

Deliverable 56

For questions about this codebook and data file, please e-mail

Rong.Cai@samhsa.hhs.gov.

Prepared for: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration,

Rockville, Maryland

Prepared by: RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Data File Name: PUF2019_100920

October 20, 2020

Recommended Citation: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality.

(2020). 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Public Use File

Codebook, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration,

Rockville, MD

Table of Contents

Section Page

Introduction to the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health ............................................. i-1

Introduction ....................................................................................................................... i-1

Overview of NSDUH ........................................................................................................ i-2

Survey Redesign in 1999 and Improvements in 2002 .......................................... i-2

Partial Questionnaire Redesign in 2015 ................................................................ i-3

Summary of Information for 2019 ........................................................................ i-3

Questionnaire Changes for the 2019 NSDUH .................................................................. i-5

Additional Historical Changes to NSDUH Variables of Note.......................................... i-6

Strengths and Limitations of NSDUH .............................................................................. i-7

Survey Methodology ......................................................................................................... i-8

Stratification and Selection of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Sampling Units

(Census Tracts, Census Block Groups, and Area Segments) ..................................... i-9

Selection of Dwelling Units ............................................................................................ i-10

Selection of Individuals .................................................................................................. i-11

Sample Design Variables ................................................................................................ i-12

Data Collection and Response Rates .............................................................................. i-13

Sample Weights .............................................................................................................. i-13

Organization of the Data File .......................................................................................... i-14

Usable Cases ................................................................................................................... i-16

Logical Editing................................................................................................................ i-18

Editing Procedure for Substance Use Variables Other than Prescription

Drugs ............................................................................................................. i-19

Editing Procedure for Prescription Drug Variables ............................................ i-20

Standard Code Conventions ................................................................................ i-21

Statistical Imputation ...................................................................................................... i-22

Imputation Indicators .......................................................................................... i-24

Constraints and Consistency ............................................................................... i-26

Variance Estimation of Estimated Numbers of Individuals ........................................... i-26

Statistical Significance of Differences ............................................................................ i-29

Confidentiality of Data ................................................................................................... i-31

Public Use File Weight Calibration ................................................................................ i-32

Public Use File Estimates and Standard Errors .............................................................. i-33

Special Types of Analyses .............................................................................................. i-35

List of Tables

Table Page

1. Demographic Domains for the Public Use File That Should Use the Alternative

Standard Error Estimation Method for Calculating the Standard Errors of the

Estimated Number of Individuals, Totals: 2019 ............................................................. i-28

2. Past Month Marijuana Prevalence and Standard Error Ratios of the Public Use

File Subsample to the Full Sample, by Seven Domains: 2019 ....................................... i-34

3. Past Year Heroin Prevalence and Standard Error Ratios of the Public Use File

Subsample to the Full Sample, by Seven Domains: 2019 .............................................. i-34

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ....................................................... 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ENTIFICATION ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

SELF-ADM

INISTERED SUBSTANCE USE SECTIONS .......................................................................................................................................... 4

TOBACCO ................................................................................................

........................................................................................................ 4

ALCOHOL ................................................................................................

...................................................................................................... 17

MARIJUANA ................................................................................................

.................................................................................................. 22

COCAINE ................................................................................................

........................................................................................................ 26

CRACK ................................................................................................

............................................................................................................ 29

HEROIN ................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................... 32

HALLUCINOGENS ................................................................................................

........................................................................................ 36

INHALANTS ................................................................................................

................................................................................................... 51

METHAMPHETAMINE ................................................................................................

................................................................................. 60

PAIN RELIEVERS SCREEN

ER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 64

TRANQUILIZERS SCREENER ................................................................................................

..................................................................... 65

STIMULANTS SCREENER ................................................................................................

........................................................................... 66

SEDATIVES SCREENER ................................................................................................

............................................................................... 67

PAIN RELIEVERS ................................................................................................

.......................................................................................... 68

TRANQUILIZERS ................................................................................................

.......................................................................................... 77

STIMULANTS ................................................................................................

................................................................................................ 83

SEDATIVES ................................................................................................

.................................................................................................... 91

IMPUTED SUBSTANCE USE ................................................................................................

.................................................................................. 97

RECENCY OF DRUG USE ................................................................................................

............................................................................ 97

PAST YEAR FREQUENCY OF USE ................................................................................................

........................................................... 106

PAST MONTH FREQUENCY OF USE ................................................................................................

....................................................... 109

AGE/DATE OF FIRST DRUG USE ................................................................................................

............................................................. 114

RECODED DRUG USE ................................................................................................

................................................................................ 124

OTHER SELF-ADM

INISTERED SECTIONS......................................................................................................................................................... 164

SPECIAL DRUGS ................................................................................................

......................................................................................... 164

RECODED SPECIAL DRUGS ................................................................................................

.............................................................. 177

RISK/AVAILABILITY ................................................................................................

................................................................................. 179

RECODED RISK/AVAILABILITY ................................................................................................

....................................................... 184

BLUNTS ................................................................................................

........................................................................................................ 186

SUBSTANCE DEPENDENCE AND ABUSE ................................................................................................

.............................................. 190

IMPUTED SUBSTANCE DEPENDENCE AND ABUSE .....................................................................................................................

253

RECODED SUBSTANCE DEPENDENCE AND ABUSE ....................................................................................................................

262

SPECIAL TOPICS ................................................................................................

......................................................................................... 271

RECODED SPECIAL TOPICS ................................................................................................

.............................................................. 279

PRIOR SUBSTANCE USE ................................................................................................

........................................................................... 281

DRUG TREATMENT ................................................................................................

................................................................................... 298

RECODED DRUG TREATMENT ................................................................................................

......................................................... 333

HEALTH................................................................................................

........................................................................................................ 349

RECODED HEALTH ................................................................................................

............................................................................. 363

ADULT MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION .............................................................................................................................

364

RECODED ADULT MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION ..................................................................................................

381

SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................

........................................................................... 388

YOUTH EXPERIENCES ................................................................................................

.............................................................................. 390

RECODED YOUTH EXPERIENCES ................................................................................................

.................................................... 405

MENTAL HEALTH ................................................................................................

...................................................................................... 411

RECODED MENTAL HEALTH ................................................................................................

............................................................ 419

ADULT DEPRESSION ................................................................................................

................................................................................. 425

RECODED ADULT DEP

RESSION ....................................................................................................................................................... 443

YOUTH MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION ............................................................................................................................

448

RECODED YOUTH MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION ..................................................................................................

472

ADOLESCENT DEPRESSION ................................................................................................

..................................................................... 492

RECODED ADOLESCENT DEPRESSION ................................................................................................

.......................................... 510

CONS

UMPTION OF ALCOHOL ................................................................................................................................................................. 516

RECODED CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL ................................................................................................

....................................... 527

MARKET INFORMATION FOR MARIJUANA ................................................................................................

.......................................... 532

INTERVIEW INFORMATION ................................................................................................

................................................................................ 548

DEMOGRAPHICS ................................................................................................

................................................................................................... 549

DEMOGRAPHICS ................................................................................................

........................................................................................ 549

IMPUTED DEMOGRAPHICS ................................................................................................

............................................................... 554

RECODED DEMOGRAPHICS ................................................................................................

.............................................................. 555

EDUCATION ................................................................................................

................................................................................................ 557

RECODED EDUCATION ................................................................................................

...................................................................... 561

EMPLOYMENT ................................................................................................

............................................................................................ 562

IMPUTED EMPLOYMENT................................................................................................

................................................................... 568

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ....................................................... 2

HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION (ROSTER) ................................................................................................................................................. 569

PROXY I

NFORMATION.............................................................................................................................................................................. 571

HEALTH INSURANCE ................................................................................................

................................................................................ 572

IMPUTED HEALTH INSURANCE ................................................................................................

....................................................... 577

RECODED HEALTH INSURANCE ................................................................................................

...................................................... 579

INCOME ................................................................................................

........................................................................................................ 580

IMPUTED INCOME ................................................................................................

.............................................................................. 581

RECODED INCOME ................................................................................................

............................................................................. 583

FI DEBRIEFING QUESTIONS ................................................................................................

................................................................................ 584

GEOGRAPHIC ................................................................................................

......................................................................................................... 585

COUNTY ................................................................................................

....................................................................................................... 585

SEGMENT ................................................................................................

..................................................................................................... 586

BLOCK ................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................... 587

SAMPLE WEIGHTING AND ESTIMATION VARS ................................................................................................

............................................. 588

INDEX ................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................... 589

PENDIX A Dr

ug Codes for Open-Ended Questions

APPENDIX B Consolidated Drug Other Specify Tables

APPENDIX C Tobacco Brand Codes for Open-Ended Questions

APPENDIX D Recoded Substance Dependence and Abuse Variable Documentation

APPENDIX E Recoded Mental Health

APPENDIX F Recoded Depression Variable Documentation

APPENDIX G Key Mental Health Variables

APPENDIX H Sample SUDAAN®, SAS®, and Stata Code and PUF Estimates

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Introduction to the 2019 National Survey on

Drug Use and Health

Introduction

This codebook provides documentation for the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and

Health (NSDUH) public use data file.

Prior to 2002, the survey was called the National

Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). NSDUH is sponsored by the Center for Behavioral

Health Statistics and Quality (CBHSQ, formerly the Office of Applied Studies) within the

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) and is conducted by

RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

For each variable in the 2019 data file, the codebook provides the variable name,

a description of the variable, value codes and their meanings, and an unweighted univariate

frequency distribution. Most of the variables originated directly as interview items. For a subset

of variables created from more than one variable, the source variables and recoding

specifications are provided. In addition, case identification, sampling, and data collection

variables are included in the file and documented in the codebook. The variable names in this

codebook are the variable names used in the dataset.

To a great extent, variable names indicate the meaning of each variable. As much as

possible, variables are named consistently across surveys when the content of questions was

identical or similar or when the specifications for creating variables were not altered. When a

variable does not have the same name across years, this is an indication that differences may

exist. In such situations, analysts are advised to examine the codebook documentation in detail

before conducting any analysis, particularly those involving the following:

• analyses performed in prior years that are being replicated in the current year,

• comparison of data across multiple years, or

• use of pooled data from multiple years.

Documentation of the reasons for changing a variable's name can be found in comments

above the specific variables and in corresponding appendix files within the codebook (if

applicable). Typically, variable changes are documented the year they occur and in the following

year if there are comparability issues to consider. However, the most current version of the

documentation may not always describe relevant changes from prior years. Therefore, analysts

who are doing a multiyear trend analysis are especially advised to examine documentation for all

Information on access to NSDUH restricted-use confidential data files is available from the Substance

Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive (SAMHDA) at https://datafiles.samhsa.gov/.

RTI International is a trade name of Research Triangle Institute. RTI and the RTI logo are U.S. registered

trademarks of Research Triangle Institute.

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years of interest to identify any change over time that may affect the analysis of interest.

An analysis of trends is not recommended when using data where the impact of the questionnaire

or methodological changes are confounded with true changes in the phenomenon being

measured. If the change is considered minor and the likely impact on trend data would be

minimal, then comparisons between years may be appropriate.

Analysts also are encouraged to refer to the instrument specifications for the 2019 survey

in conjunction with their review of the codebook. The specifications for the 2019 survey provide

detailed information about the logic governing how respondents were routed through the

questions in the interview and any changes to the instrument relative to the 2018 survey.

The 2019 specifications may be found on the SAMHSA website at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/.

Overview of NSDUH

The 2019 NSDUH is the 39th in a series, the primary purpose of which is to measure the

prevalence and correlates of substance use and mental health issues in the United States. This

survey series provides information about the use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco among

members of the U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population aged 12 or older. The survey also

includes several modules of questions focusing on mental health issues. Surveys have been

conducted periodically since 1971, with the most recent ones in 1979, 1982, 1985, 1988, and

each year from 1990 through 2019. Currently, public use files are available for surveys from

1979 onward.

Survey Redesign in 1999 and Improvements in 2002

In 1999, the survey underwent a major redesign. The method of data collection was

changed from a paper questionnaire administration to a computer-assisted administration.

In addition, the sample design was changed from a strictly national design to a state-based

sampling plan. These important changes have had a major impact on the data produced from the

survey. Because of the differences in methodology and the impact of the new design on data

collection, only limited comparisons can be made between data from the redesigned surveys

(1999 onward) and data obtained from surveys prior to 1999. Also, because of improvements

made in 2002, the 2019 data in this file should not be compared with data collected in 2001 or

earlier to assess changes over time. However, this is not an issue for data from 2002 and data

files in subsequent data years, as long as other changes to survey items since 2002 (e.g., changes

to question wording) have not affected the comparability of the variables of interest across the

surveys.

Prior to 1999, the survey was conducted using paper-and-pencil interviewing (PAPI)

methods for an interview lasting about an hour. The PAPI instrumentation consisted of a

questionnaire booklet completed by a field interviewer (FI) and a set of individual answer sheets

completed by a respondent. All substance use questions and other sensitive questions appeared

on the answer sheets, so the FI was unaware of the respondent's answers. Less sensitive

A variable crosswalk (also referred to as a "measles chart") that identifies which NSDUH variables are

comparable across study years is available on the SAMHDA website at https://datafiles.samhsa.gov/.

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questions concerning demographics, occupational status, household size, and composition were

asked aloud by the FI and recorded in the questionnaire booklet.

Since 1999, the interview has been carried out using computer-assisted interviewing

(CAI) methods. The survey uses a combination of computer-assisted personal interviewing

(CAPI) conducted by an FI and audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI). For the

most part, questions previously administered by an FI in the PAPI format are now administered

by an FI using CAPI. Questions previously administered in the PAPI format using self-

administered answer sheets are now administered using ACASI. Use of ACASI is designed to

provide respondents with a highly private and confidential means of responding to questions and

to increase the level of honest reporting of illicit drug use and other sensitive behaviors.

Partial Questionnaire Redesign in 2015

The NSDUH questionnaire underwent a partial redesign in 2015 to improve the quality of

the NSDUH data and to address the changing needs of policymakers and researchers with regard

to substance use and mental health issues. Details are provided in the section on Questionnaire

Changes for the 2015 NSDUH in the codebook introduction for the 2015 NSDUH public use file

on the SAMHDA website at https://datafiles.samhsa.gov/. Details on the 2015 NSDUH

questionnaire changes, reasons for the changes, and implications of the changes for NSDUH data

users are included in a brief report on these questionnaire changes, in a report on the design

changes for the 2014 and 2015 NSDUHs, and in the methodological summary and definitions

report for 2015.

4,5,6

Where measures existed prior to 2015, these changes led to actual or potential breaks in

the comparability of data in 2015 with corresponding data from prior years. Where actual or

potential breaks in comparability occurred, new variables were created for 2015. Measures not

affected by the 2015 partial redesign typically retained the same variable names as in prior years.

The number of allowable characters in a variable name also was expanded for new

variables created for 2015. Specifically, the number of allowable characters was expanded from

a limit of 8 characters in 2014 and prior years to limits in 2015 of up to 9 characters for edited

variables, up to 11 characters for imputed variables, and up to 12 characters for recoded

variables. Variables for which names did not change between 2014 and 2015 retained the eight-

character limit.

Summary of Information for 2019

The target population for the 2019 survey was the same as has been defined since the

1991 survey: the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States (including

civilians living on military bases) who were 12 years of age or older at the time of the survey.

Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2016). 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and

Health: Summary of the effects of the 2015 NSDUH questionnaire redesign: Implications for data users. Retrieved

from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/

Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2015). National Survey on Drug Use and Health:

2014 and 2015 redesign changes. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/

Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2016). 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and

Health: Methodological summary and definitions. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/

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Before 1991, the sample was drawn from the household population of the contiguous 48 states.

Residents of Alaska and Hawaii were added to the sample population in 1991, as were residents

of noninstitutional group quarters (e.g., college dormitories, group homes, civilians dwelling on

military installations) and persons with no permanent residence (homeless people in shelters and

long-term residents of single rooms in hotels). In addition, six special-interest metropolitan

statistical areas (MSAs) were oversampled in 1991. The 1992 and 1993 surveys retained the

oversampling of the six MSAs and also were designed to provide quarterly as well as annual

estimates.

Since 1999, the survey sample has employed a 50-state design with an independent,

multistage area probability sample for each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. For the

1999 through 2013 surveys, the 8 states with the largest populations (which together account for

48 percent of the total U.S. population aged 12 or older according to the 2010 census) were

designated as large sample states (California, Florida, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Ohio,

Pennsylvania, and Texas) with a target sample size of 3,600, while the remaining 42 states and

the District of Columbia had target sample sizes of 900. The 2014 through 2017 sample redesign

allowed for a more cost-efficient sample allocation to the largest states, while maintaining

sufficient sample sizes in the smaller states to support small area estimation at the state and

substate levels. A large reserve sample of area clusters or segments was selected at the time the

2014 through 2017 NSDUH sample was selected, which is being used to field the 2018 through

2022 NSDUHs. Thus, the 2018 through 2022 NSDUH designs simply continue the coordinated

design. The 2014 through 2022 NSDUHs were designed to yield 4,560 completed interviews in

California; 3,300 completed interviews each in Florida, New York, and Texas; 2,400 completed

interviews each in Illinois, Michigan, Ohio, and Pennsylvania; 1,500 completed interviews each

in Georgia, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Virginia; 967 completed interviews in Hawaii; and

960 completed interviews in each of the remaining 37 states and the District of Columbia.

Consistent with previous designs, the 2014 through 2022 design also oversamples youths aged

12 to 17 and young adults aged 18 to 25. However, the 2014 through 2022 design places more

sample in the 26 or older age groups to more accurately estimate drug use and related mental

health measures among the aging drug-using population. The 2019 sample was allocated to age

groups as follows: 25 percent for youths aged 12 to 17, 25 percent for young adults aged 18 to

25, 15 percent for adults aged 26 to 34, 20 percent for adults aged 35 to 49, and 15 percent for

adults aged 50 or older.

Important methodological differences since 2002 also have affected the comparability of

estimates from 1999 to 2001 with estimates from 2002 and later years. As noted above, the

survey's name was changed from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) to

the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) in 2002. In addition to the survey's name

change, each NSDUH respondent since 2002 has been given an incentive of $30. These changes

resulted in some improvement in the survey response rate. The changes also affected

respondents' reporting of many critical items that are the basis of prevalence measures reported

by the survey each year. Further, the data could have been affected by improved data collection

quality control procedures introduced in the survey beginning in 2001. In addition, new

population data from the 2000 decennial census became available for use in NSDUH's sample

weighting procedures, resulting in another discontinuity between estimates since 2002 and those

prior to 2002. Where estimates in 2019 are still comparable with those from prior years,

analyses of the effects of each of these factors on NSDUH estimates have shown that the 2002 to

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2019 data should not be compared with 2001 and earlier data to assess changes over time.

For measures comparable across the years being analyzed, however, comparisons may be made

between 2002 and surveys in subsequent years, including this one, as noted above.

A description of the 2019 survey, including more detailed information on sample issues,

can be found in several NSDUH documents that discuss methodological issues for 2019 or

present key 2019 findings in tabular, graphical, and report formats. The following 2019 NSDUH

documents are listed in the order of their release dates in 2020:

• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2020). Key substance use and

mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2019 National Survey on

Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. PEP20-07-01-001, NSDUH Series H-55).

Rockville, MD: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and

Mental Health Services Administration. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/

• Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2020). Results from the 2019 National

Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed tables. Retrieved from

https://www.samhsa.gov/data/

• Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2020). 2019 National Survey on Drug

Use and Health: Methodological summary and definitions. Retrieved from

https://www.samhsa.gov/data/

Questionnaire Changes for the 2019 NSDUH

This section describes specific changes to the 2019 NSDUH instrument relative to 2018

that are relevant to variables on the 2019 public use file. As noted previously, names for the

corresponding variables were changed in 2019 when it was determined these changes resulted in

actual or potential breaks in the comparability of data.

• For question QD10C in the interviewer-administered demographics section, the response

options were changed to all capital letters to indicate that they were not to be read to

respondents and for consistency with the formatting of the other interviewer-administered

response options. This change did not affect the comparability of the data.

• Questions were added to the consumption of alcohol section to ask about medication-assisted

treatment (MAT) for alcohol and opioid misuse (i.e., heroin use or prescription pain reliever

misuse). These questions asked about the receipt of MAT in the past 12 months, specific

medications used, and the frequency of use.

• Two new questions were added to the consumption of alcohol section to ask about lifetime

use and the most recent use of kratom.

• In the self-administered education section, the skip logic was revised so that respondents who

reported in question QD20DKRE that school was not in session in the past 30 days were no

longer asked questions QD21 or QD21DKRE (number of days in the past 30 days skipped or

"cut" school). In addition, the response option for "School was not in session during the past

30 days" was removed from question QD21DKRE because respondents previously reporting

that school was not in session in the past 30 days were skipped out of this question. This

change did not affect the comparability of the data.

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The 2019 specifications may be found on the SAMHSA website (for details, see this codebook's

Introduction).

Additional Historical Changes to NSDUH Variables of Note

This section documents notable changes to NSDUH variables that occurred recently but

prior to 2019. The changes noted in this section could affect comparability of NSDUH variables

in 2019 with variables on data files for NSDUH years prior to the implementation of these

changes.

Extensive changes were made to NSDUH variables in 2015 because of the partial

redesign of the 2015 NSDUH questionnaire. As previously mentioned, these changes are

described in the section on Questionnaire Changes for the 2015 NSDUH in the codebook

introduction for the 2015 NSDUH public use file on the SAMHDA website at

https://datafiles.samhsa.gov/.

Since 2008, a statistical model has been employed to predict whether adult NSDUH

respondents had serious, moderate, mild, or no mental illness based on their answers to certain

NSDUH questions. For the 2012 NSDUH, this model was revised to produce more accurate

estimates. This revised 2012 model was used to produce the mental illness estimates for 2012 to

2019. In addition, comparable estimates were recomputed for 2008 through 2011. For more

information on how mental illness estimates were calculated, see this codebook's appendix titled

Recoded Mental Health. The mental illness variables included in the 2019 NSDUH data files are

based on the revised 2012 model. Note that the mental illness variables (e.g., SMIYR_U,

AMIYR_U) are not recommended to be used when analyzing variables for past year suicidal

thoughts, past year major depressive episode (MDE), the Kessler-6 (K6) distress scale, or the

World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) scale, nor are they

recommended to be used when analyzing other variables closely linked with these variables

(including past year suicide attempts, suicide plans, medical treatment for suicide attempts,

lifetime MDE, serious psychological distress [SPD], or components used in the K6 or WHODAS

scales). For more details, see this codebook's appendix titled Recoded Mental Health.

In the 2013 questionnaire and onward, two new response categories were added to the

question about race (QD05) in response to changes in U.S. Department of Health and Human

Services (HHS) standards of data collection. The response options now include "Guamanian or

Chamorro" and "Samoan." To accommodate this change, two new imputation-revised variables

were created along with their corresponding imputation indicators: IRRACEGC for Guamanian

or Chamorro and IRRACESM for Samoan.

The change to QD05 also affected the creation of

the "Other Pacific Islander" variable IRRACEPI. Prior to 2013, IRRACEPI covered Pacific

Islanders who are not Native Hawaiians. Beginning in 2013, the variable name was changed to

IRRACPI2 and now covers Pacific Islanders who are not Native Hawaiians, Guamanians or

Chamorros, or Samoans. Despite the change to the questionnaire, the levels of the detailed race

variable IRNWRACE were not changed. Guamanian or Chamorro and Samoan respondents

continued to be treated as Other Pacific Islanders. Therefore, little to no impact is expected on

For an explanation of imputation-revised variables, see the section on Statistical Imputation in this

codebook introduction.

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the race/ethnicity variables IRNWRACE, NEWRACE1, NEWRACE2, EXPRACE, and

EXPRACE2.

Since 2013, questions also have been included that asked about height and weight.

Respondents were asked to report their weight in pounds or kilograms and their height in feet,

inches, meters, or centimeters. Edited and recoded variables were created that converted all of

the responses from the weight variable into pounds (WTPOUND2) and the height data into

inches (HTINCHE2). Using these data, a new recoded variable measuring body mass index

(BMI2) was included on the public use file, and the documentation can be found in the Recoded

Pregnancy and Health Care section of this codebook. Note that this variable has not been used in

the detailed tables. The new recoded variable called BMI2 was created as a continuous variable

based on the following formula: BMI2 = [WTPOUND2 ÷ (HTINCHE2)

] × 703. Unknown

response values for the edited weight variable (WTPOUND2) of 9985, 9994, 9997, or 9998 or

the edited height variable (HTINCHE2) of 985, 994, 997, or 998 were defined as SAS

missing

for the recoded BMI2.

Strengths and Limitations of NSDUH

NSDUH is the primary nationally representative source of annual estimates of drug use

and mental illness among civilian members of the noninstitutionalized population in the

United States. Most of the questions in NSDUH are administered with ACASI, which is

designed to provide the respondent with a highly private and confidential mode for responding to

questions in order to increase the level of honest reporting of illicit drug use and other sensitive

behaviors. In addition, the large and dispersed NSDUH sample enables not only state-level

estimates, but also estimates for substate areas.

Although NSDUH is useful for many purposes, it has certain limitations. First, the data

are based on self-reports of drug use, and their value depends on respondents' truthfulness and

memory. Although some experimental studies have established the validity of self-reported data

in similar contexts and NSDUH procedures were designed to encourage honesty and recall, some

underreporting and overreporting may take place. To aid respondent recall, the prescription drug

questions in 2019 allowed respondents to report any use or misuse in the past 12 months of

specific related medications (e.g., the tranquilizers Xanax

, Xanax

XR, generic alprazolam, and

generic extended-release alprazolam). These self-reports capture information on the use or

misuse of prescription drugs that contain a given active ingredient. However, these self-reports

are not necessarily accurate for identifying the exact drugs respondents took, especially when

respondents identify certain drugs by their brand names (e.g., if a respondent actually took the

generic drug alprazolam but reported use or misuse of the brand name tranquilizer Xanax

because of name recognition). For this reason, the public use file includes recoded variables for

subtypes of related prescription drugs (e.g., alprazolam products) but with few exceptions does

not include variables for individual prescription drugs.

Second, the survey is cross-sectional rather than longitudinal. That is, individuals were

interviewed only once and were not followed for additional interviews in subsequent years.

The formula for calculating BMI for use in BMI2 is from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

(CDC) website: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/bmi/adult_bmi/index.html?s_cid=tw_ob064.

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Each year's survey, therefore, provides an overview of the prevalence of drug use at a specific

point in time rather than a view of how drug use changes over time for specific individuals.

Third, because the target population of the survey is defined as the civilian,

noninstitutionalized population of the United States, a small proportion (approximately

3 percent) of the population is excluded.

The subpopulations excluded are members of the

active-duty military and persons in institutional group quarters (e.g., hospitals, prisons, nursing

homes, treatment centers). If the drug use of these groups differs from that of the civilian,

noninstitutionalized population, NSDUH may provide slightly inaccurate estimates of substance

use and mental health in the total population. This may be particularly true for prevalence

estimates for less commonly used drugs, such as heroin.

Survey Methodology

Like the 1999 to 2018 surveys, the 2019 survey was conducted using CAI methods.

This survey also allows for improved state estimates based on minimum sample sizes per state.

The target sample size of 67,507 allows SAMHSA to continue reporting adequately precise

demographic subgroup estimates at the national level without needing to oversample specially

targeted demographics, as was required in the past. The achieved sample size, or completed

interviews, for the 2019 survey was 67,625 individuals.

A coordinated sample design was developed for the 2014 through 2017 NSDUHs.

A large reserve sample of area clusters or segments was selected at the time the 2014 through

2017 NSDUH sample was selected. This reserve sample is being used to field the 2018 through

2022 NSDUHs. Thus, the 2018 through 2022 NSDUH designs simply continue the coordinated

design. The coordinated design facilitates a 50 percent overlap in third-stage units (area segments

[see below]) between each 2 successive years from 2014 through 2022.

This design was

intended to increase the precision of estimates in year-to-year trend analyses because of the

expected positive correlation resulting from the overlapping sample between successive survey

years.

The 2019 design allows for computation of estimates by state in all 50 states plus the

District of Columbia. States may therefore be viewed as the first level of stratification and as a

reporting variable. Compared with previous sample designs, the 2014 through 2022 sample

design moves from two to essentially five state sample size groups (including Hawaii with the

remaining states and the District of Columbia). The 2014 through 2022 surveys have a sample

designed to yield 4,560 completed interviews in California; 3,300 completed interviews each in

Florida, New York, and Texas; 2,400 completed interviews each in Illinois, Michigan, Ohio, and

Pennsylvania; 1,500 completed interviews each in Georgia, New Jersey, North Carolina, and

Virginia; 967 completed interviews in Hawaii; and 960 completed interviews in each of the

remaining 37 states and the District of Columbia—for a total national target sample size of

Information from the 2010 census suggests that the civilian, noninstitutionalized population includes at

least 97 percent of the total U.S. population. See the following reference: Lofquist, D., Lugaila, T., O'Connell, M., &

Feliz, S. (2012, April). Households and families: 2010 (C2010BR-14, 2010 Census Briefs). Retrieved from

https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-14.pdf

In segments used in 2 successive years, only addresses not sampled in the first year may be included in

the second year's sample.

i-9

67,507. The sample is selected from 6,000 area segments that vary in size according to state.

The change in the state sample allocation in 2014 was driven by the need to increase the sample

in the original 43 small states (to improve the precision of state and substate estimates in these

states) while moving closer to a proportional allocation in the larger states.

Stratification and Selection of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Sampling

Units (Census Tracts, Census Block Groups, and Area Segments)

Within each state, sampling strata called state sampling regions (SSRs) were formed.

Based on a composite size measure, states were partitioned geographically into roughly equally

sized regions. In other words, regions were formed such that each area within a state yielded,

in expectation, roughly the same number of interviews during each data collection period.

The partitioning divided the United States into a total of 750 SSRs, resulting from 36 SSRs in

California; 30 SSRs each in Florida, New York, and Texas; 24 SSRs each in Illinois, Michigan,

Ohio, and Pennsylvania; 15 SSRs each in Georgia, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Virginia;

and 12 SSRs each in the remaining 38 states and the District of Columbia.

Similar to the 2005 through 2013 surveys, the first stage of selection for the 2014 through

2022 NSDUHs was census tracts. The first stage of selection began with the construction of an

area sample frame that contained one record for each census tract in the United States.

If necessary, census tracts were aggregated within SSRs until each tract

met the minimum

dwelling unit

(DU) requirement. In California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Michigan,

New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Virginia, this minimum

size requirement was 250 DUs in urban areas and 200 DUs in rural areas.

In the remaining

states and the District of Columbia, the minimum requirement was 150 DUs in urban areas and

100 DUs in rural areas. These census tracts served as the primary sampling units (PSUs) for the

coordinated 9-year sample.

Before selecting census tracts, additional implicit stratification was achieved by sorting

the first-stage sampling units by a CBSA/SES

(core-based statistical area/socioeconomic

status) indicator

and by the percentage of the population who are non-Hispanic and white.

From this well-ordered sample frame, 48 census tracts per SSR were selected with probabilities

proportionate to a composite size measure and with minimum replacement.

For the remainder of the discussion, first-stage sampling units are referred to as "census tracts" even

though each first-stage sampling unit contains one or more census tracts.

DU counts were obtained from the 2010 decennial census data supplemented with revised population

counts from Claritas (see https://www.claritas.com/ ).

The basis for the differing minimum DU requirement in urban and rural areas is that it is more difficult to

meet the requirement in rural areas; 100 DUs are sufficient to support one field test and two main study samples in

the smaller states, and 200 DUs are sufficient to support three samples in the larger sample states.

CBSAs include metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas, as defined in the following reference:

Office of Management and Budget. (2009, December 1). OMB Bulletin No. 10-02: Update of statistical area

definitions and guidance on their uses. Retrieved from

https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/omb/bulletins/2010/b10-02.pdf

The CBSA/SES indicator was defined using 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS) estimates,

2010 census data, and the December 2009 CBSA definition. Four categories are defined as follows: (1) CBSA/low

SES, (2) CBSA/high SES, (3) non-CBSA/low SES, and (4) non-CBSA/high SES.

i-10

For the second stage of selection, adjacent census block groups were collapsed as needed

within selected census tracts. Compared with years prior to 2014, the selection of census block

group is an additional stage of selection that was added to facilitate possible transitioning to an

address-based sample (ABS) design in the future. The block groups were required to have the

same minimum number of DUs as the census tracts from which they were selected (150 or 250

in urban areas and 100 or 200 in rural areas, according to state). The resulting block groups were

then sorted in the order in which they were formed, and one census block group

was selected

per selected census tract with probability proportionate to a composite size measure.

Because census block groups generally exceed the minimum DU requirement, one

smaller geographic area was selected within each sampled census block group. For this third

stage of sampling, each selected census block group was partitioned into small geographic areas

composed of adjacent census blocks. These geographic clusters of blocks are referred to as

"segments" and are the tertiary sampling units (TSUs) for the coordinated sample design.

A sample "dwelling unit" in NSDUH refers to either a housing unit or a group quarters listing

unit, such as a dormitory room or a shelter bed. To support the overlapping sample design and

any special supplemental samples or field tests SAMHSA might wish to conduct, segments were

formed to contain a minimum of 150 or 250 DUs in urban areas and 100 or 200 DUs in rural

areas, according to state.

One segment was selected within each sampled census block group with probability

proportionate to size. The 48 selected segments then were randomly assigned to a survey year

and quarter of data collection.

Selection of Dwelling Units

The primary objective of the fourth stage of sample selection (listing units) was to select

the minimum number of DUs needed in each segment to meet the targeted sample sizes for all

age groups. For the 2014 through 2022 NSDUHs, each state sample was allocated to age groups

as follows: 25 percent for youths aged 12 to 17, 25 percent for young adults aged 18 to 25,

15 percent for adults aged 26 to 34, 20 percent for adults aged 35 to 49, and 15 percent for adults

aged 50 or older. In the 2005 through 2013 NSDUHs, the sample was allocated equally across

the 12 to 17, 18 to 25, and 26 or older age groups. The 2014 through 2022 design places more

sample in the 26 or older age groups to estimate drug use and related mental health measures

more accurately among the aging drug-using population. The size measures used in selecting the

area segments were coordinated with the DU and person selection process so that a nearly

self-weighting sample could be achieved in each of the five age groups. Departures from the

self-weighting objective occurred for several reasons, including the following: (a) advance

projections on the number of DUs did not accurately reflect the current housing inventory;

(b) maximum DU sample sizes were preset to control the FI workload and to allow unused

addresses to be available for the next year's survey; and (c) the person selection probabilities

were constrained so that no more than two individuals could be selected per DU. An iterative

sample allocation process was followed to adjust for these additional constraints. In addition, the

For the remainder of the discussion, second-stage sampling units are referred to as "census block groups"

even though each second-stage sampling unit contains one or more census block groups.

i-11

DU sample allocation in each area segment was adjusted to allow for DU eligibility, for

screening nonresponse, and for person nonresponse.

In advance of the survey period, specially trained listers had visited each area segment

and listed all addresses for housing units and eligible group quarters units in a prescribed order.

Systematic sampling was used to select the allocated sample of addresses from each segment.

Selection of Individuals

During each quarterly survey, FIs visited each sample address to determine DU

eligibility, to list all eligible individuals at the address, to select the sample of individuals to be

interviewed, and to conduct interviews. Unlike the 2005 through 2013 NSDUHs, the "half-open"

interval (HOI) rule was not implemented in the 2014 through 2022 NSDUHs. This special

procedure identified any new (since the time of listing) housing units or any DU missed during

the advance listing process. Any new or missed DU (or DUs) following immediately after a

sample DU and up to, but not including, the next initially listed address (or addresses) in the

prescribed order of listing also were included in the sample. Eliminating the HOI rule in 2014

decreased the burden on FIs and simplified training and the screening process. This decrease in

burden outweighed the small amount of coverage afforded by the HOI rule. Because the majority

of missed DUs are found on the premises of sampled DUs, the 2014 through 2022 NSDUHs had

in place a procedure for checking for and adding missed DUs on the premises of sampled DUs.

During the screening interview, FIs asked the screening respondent about other units on the

property of the selected DU. If missing from the original list, these DUs also were included in

the sample.

The FIs used a handheld computer to record the results of the DU screening process and

to select the sample of respondents. They recorded the results of each visit, the final eligibility

status of the DU, and information on new and missed DUs. If a sample address was an eligible

occupied DU, the FIs also conducted a screening interview to identify and roster all survey-

eligible individuals residing at the address. When the roster was complete, the computer was

programmed to select the sample of individuals to be interviewed using parameters specified for

that area segment and a random number specified for that address.

Data collection progress was monitored during each quarterly survey by state. Small

reserve samples were held back each quarter so that the assigned sample size could be adjusted

if necessary during the course of data collection.

This had the effect of creating noncompact clusters (selection from a list), which differ from compact

clusters in that not all units within the cluster are included in the sample. Although compact cluster designs are less

costly and more stable, a noncompact cluster design was used because it provides for greater heterogeneity of

dwellings within the sample. Also, social interaction (contagion) among neighboring dwellings is sometimes

introduced with compact clusters. See the following reference: Kish, L. (1965). Survey sampling. New York, NY:

John Wiley.

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Sample Design Variables

The sample for the 2019 NSDUH was selected using a multistage, deeply stratified

sample design. The variables on the full restricted-use analytic data file

represent each stage of

sample selection (note that, to ensure the confidentiality of survey respondents, the sample

design variables described in this section are not included on the public use file):

Stage 1: The 2019 NSDUH design includes a sample from each of the 50 states plus the

District of Columbia. SSRs were formed within each state based on composite size

measures, roughly geographically partitioning the state into equally sized regions.

A sample of 48 census tracts was selected within each SSR. Census tracts are

considered the PSU and can be identified using the STATE, SSREGION, and

SEGID

variables on the full restricted-use analytic data file. Only eight census

tracts per SSR were used for the 2019 sample.

Stage 2: For the second stage of selection, adjacent census block groups were aggregated

within selected census tracts as necessary to form the second-stage sampling units.

One census block group was selected per sampled census tract. A total of 48 census

block groups was selected within each SSR. Census block groups can be identified

using the STATE, SSREGION, and SEGID variables on the full restricted-use

analytic data file. Eight census block groups per SSR, one from each sampled census

tract, were used for the 2019 sample.

Stage 3: The third stage of sampling consisted of partitioning the selected census block groups

into smaller geographic areas, called "segments." Segments are defined by joining

contiguous census blocks within each selected census block group and are similar to

the units selected at the second stage of selection for the 2005 through 2013 surveys.

Segments can be identified on the full restricted-use analytic data file using the

SEGID variable.

Stage 4: After census tracts, census block groups, and segments were selected, the fourth stage

of selection consisted of selecting DUs within each segment. The DU selection rate

was based on the state to which a particular segment belonged. State classification

was utilized for computation of eligibility, screener and interview response rates, and

expected person yield per DU. On the full restricted-use analytic data file, state

classifications can be identified with the STATE variable, and DUs can be identified

with the ENCCASE variable.

NSDUH's Restricted-use Data Analysis System (R-DAS) data files are available online for most years at

https://datafiles.samhsa.gov/. R-DAS is an online analytic system that allows analysts to produce cross-tabulations

using restricted-use NSDUH data files. Restricted-use microdata are not accessible to analysts, but output from the

analyses is available as long as the output does not violate any of the disclosure limitation rules that determine what

output may be displayed. Because of NSDUH's questionnaire redesign in 2015 and subsequent breaks in trends for a

number of variables, an R-DAS file was not produced for the 2015 NSDUH data. R-DAS files have been created,

however, for aggregated 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 NSDUH data, as well as for earlier aggregated 2-year pairs of

data.

One segment was selected from each sampled census block group within each sampled census tract, so

the census tract, census block group, and segment can be identified by the SEGID variable.

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Stage 5: At the last stage of selection, individuals were selected within screened DUs based on

the age group composition of the DU residents. The person-level variable used to

determine the selection included AGE. The full restricted-use analytic data file

contains one record representing each responding selected person from stage 5

(67,625 individuals). To protect the confidentiality of these respondents, the full

restricted-use analytic data file was treated using a statistical disclosure limitation

method while ensuring that the data continue to be representative of civilian members

of the noninstitutionalized population in the United States. The resulting public use

data file contains 56,136 records.

A more detailed explanation of the sample design and sample selection procedures at each stage

of the design appears in the 2019 NSDUH Methodological Resource Book, which will be

available in early 2021.

Data Collection and Response Rates

The fieldwork for the 2019 NSDUH was directed by RTI staff members. RTI maintained

a field staff of approximately 650 FIs to collect the data.

A total final sample of 67,625 interviews was obtained for the 2019 survey. Strategies for

ensuring high rates of participation resulted in a weighted screening response rate of

70.50 percent and a weighted interview response rate for NSDUH of 64.92 percent.

Throughout the course of the study, respondent anonymity and the privacy of responses

were protected by separating identifying information from survey responses. Respondents were

assured their identities and responses would be handled in strict compliance with federal law.

As discussed above, the questionnaire itself and the interviewing procedures were designed to

enhance the privacy of responses, especially during segments of the interview in which questions

of a sensitive nature were posed. Answers to sensitive questions were gathered using ACASI.

During the ACASI portions of the interview, respondents listened to prerecorded questions

through headphones and entered their responses directly into a NSDUH laptop computer without

FIs knowing how they were answering. At the conclusion of the ACASI section, the interview

returned to the CAPI mode with the FI asking the respondent questions and entering the

responses into the laptop. Respondents who completed a full interview were each given $30 in

cash as a token of appreciation for their time.

A more detailed explanation of NSDUH's data collection procedures appears in the

2019 NSDUH Methodological Resource Book, which will be available in 2021.

Sample Weights

The estimates yielded by NSDUH are based on sample survey data rather than on

complete data for the entire population. This means that the data must be weighted to obtain

Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (in press). 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and

Health: Methodological resource book. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services

Administration.

See the reference in footnote 20.

i-14

unbiased estimates for survey outcomes in the population represented by the 2019 NSDUH.

The "final analysis weight" of the ith respondent, say w

, can be interpreted as the number of

sampling units in the NSDUH target population represented by the ith respondent. The sum of

the weights over all respondents is used to estimate the size of the total target population:

estimated size of target population,

w =

∑

where the summation is over all respondents in the 2019 NSDUH.

Similar to the 2018 NSDUH, three sets of analysis weights at the person level,

questionnaire dwelling unit (QDU) level, and person pair level were developed for the 2019

NSDUH. The person-level, QDU-level, and person pair-level analysis weights shared the same

first 11 weight components at the screening dwelling unit (SDU) level. In addition to the

11 common weight components, QDU-level and person pair-level analysis weights had several

specific weight components, and the final weights are the product of all of the weight

components. As in the 2018 NSDUH, all of the adults in the 2019 NSDUH sample received the

WHODAS questions. Therefore, there was no need to have a separate adult mental health weight

in the 2019 NSDUH because the person-level analysis weight could be used to produce the adult

mental health estimates.

The person-level analysis weights (ANALWT_C) are the product of 16 weight

components from the restricted-use analytic data file, and two additional weight calibration

adjustments done for the public use file.

Each weight component accounts for either a selection

probability at a selection stage or an adjustment factor adjusting for nonresponse, coverage, or

extreme weights. The sum of the weight over all respondents on the data file represents an

estimate of the total number of individuals in the target population. In view of the use of weights

as expansion factors in forming estimates, the weight can be interpreted as the total number of

target population individuals each record on the file represents. For variance estimation, suitable

software, such as SUDAAN

, should be used to take the sample design into account.

Similar to

the 2018 NSDUH, the 2019 NSDUH used 2010 census-based population estimates in the

poststratification adjustment.

Details of the weight components and the sample weighting procedures appear in the

2019 NSDUH Methodological Resource Book, which will be available in 2021.

Organization of the Data File

The file described here is made available as an ASCII file with 2,741 variables and

56,136 observations. Three program files are made available to read the ASCII file into SAS,

SPSS, or Stata. The file also is made available as a SAS transport (CPORT) file, SPSS system

file, Stata system file, and ASCII tab-delimited file. All of the data and program files are

available from SAMHDA at https://datafiles.samhsa.gov/.

For details, see the section on Public Use File Weight Calibration.

In SUDAAN, the sample design is specified using the NEST statement. See the following reference:

RTI International. (2012). SUDAAN

, Release 11.0 [computer software]. Research Triangle Park, NC: Author.

See footnote 20.

i-15

The overall organization of the file is shown in the Table of Contents of this document.

The first portion of this codebook consists of documentation for edited variables from drug

modules, followed by documentation for imputation-revised and selected recoded versions of

these drug variables. Documentation for edited data from the second set of self-administered

modules and demographic questions are in later sections; each of these later sections is

immediately followed by sections corresponding to imputation revised and recoded variables,

where applicable. Where imputed or recoded variables are provided, users are encouraged to

use these variables (rather than raw or edited variables) to produce estimates from the

interview.

Most edited variables contain missing data (e.g., the edited variable CIGREC for the most

recent use of cigarettes); see the section on Standard Code Conventions within the Logical

Editing section of this introduction for a description of the codes given to different types of

missing data for edited variables. For each edited variable, the number of observations assigned a

given missing data code is shown in the entry for that variable.

Imputation-revised variables, as well as selected recoded versions of these variables, are

included for selected demographic variables, drug use variables, and certain substance use

disorder (SUD) variables. As noted previously, these imputed and recoded variables are in

separate sections following the edited variables. In particular, the recoded drug use variables

include indicators for lifetime, past year, and past month substance use. The imputation-revised

drug use variables served as the starting point for the recoded drug use variables. Imputed

variables for SUDs for a subset of illicit drugs also are included in 2019 and are documented in

the Imputed Substance Dependence and Abuse and Recoded Substance Dependence and Abuse

sections of the codebook. Imputation-revised demographic variables also are documented toward

the end of the codebook. Missing values for all imputation-revised variables have been imputed

using the statistical imputation procedures described in the Statistical Imputation section of this

introduction. Imputation indicators are provided for each variable so that users may easily

determine whether an observation contains data from the questionnaire or an imputed value.

Following the sections for substance use variables, edited variables from additional

self-administered modules comprise the next major section in the codebook. Intermixed within

this major section of the codebook are sections of recoded variables. The edited and/or imputed

variables are used as source variables for the recoded variables. For example, edited variables

from the section of the interview pertaining to the receipt of treatment for the use of alcohol or

illicit drugs (Drug Treatment section in this codebook) were used to create recoded summary

measures for the receipt of substance use treatment. Unlike variables in the drug sections,

however, imputed variables were not created for many variables from this second section of the

interview, except where noted. Consequently, these recoded variables may still have missing

values. The missing data codes contained in the source variables and defined in the Standard

Code Conventions subsection within the Logical Editing section of this introduction are recoded

to the standard missing code (.) for recoded variables. It is intended that cases containing these

missing codes be excluded from an analysis. Note that in some situations where recoded

variables are created from edited variables, missing values are set to a value of 0 instead of to the

standard code for missing data (.)

i-16

Within the recoded sections of the codebook, detailed information is provided in the

variable documentation about how levels of source variables are used to define recoded

variables. Note that for recoded variables that include other-specify data or logically assigned

data (as defined in the Standard Code Conventions subsection of this introduction), values may

be listed in the documentation that do not exist for the current survey year. Because of

fluctuations in the data, source variable values may not exist consistently across years. However,

to aid in cross-year analyses, all possible source variable values have been retained in the

documentation. For example, a recoded variable may document a "yes" using both source

variable values of "1 = Yes" and "3 = Logically Assigned Yes," even if the 3 is not applicable for

the current survey year. To alert users, notes have been placed at the top of recoded sections

containing variables that include source values even if they do not apply to the current survey

year.

In many instances, the codebook itself also indicates in parentheses the question names

used in the NSDUH instrument that were most relevant for creating an edited variable. As much

as possible, the codebook shows the key source variables used in creating edited, imputed, or

recoded variables. In particular, an important feature of the transition to CAI in 1999 was that

respondents could be routed to different versions of a question based on prior information from

the interview. For example, respondents who initiated use of a drug within 1 year of their current

age were asked more detailed questions about the year and month in which they first used that

drug. Depending on their age, date of birth, and interview date, respondents could be routed to

one of three possible questions to identify the year in which they first used a drug (e.g., CG04a,

CG04b, or CG04c

for cigarettes). Similarly, respondents could be routed to one of two possible

questions to determine the month in which they first used a drug (e.g., CG04c and CG04d for

cigarettes). To facilitate analyses, therefore, responses from these multiple year-of-first-use and

month-of-first-use questions were combined into one single year-of-first-use variable and one

single month-of-first-use variable for each drug, as shown for the variables CIGYFU and

CIGMFU. Thus, the codebook documentation shows that CIGYFU was based on data from the

source variables CG04a through CG04c, and CIGMFU was based on data from the source

variables CG04c and CG04d. For the most complete information about the logic for asking

questions in the interview, however, data file users should refer to the 2019 questionnaire.

Usable Cases

A key step in the data processing procedures established the minimum item response

requirements in order for cases to be retained for weighting and further analysis (i.e., "usable"

cases). These procedures were designed to eliminate cases with unacceptable levels of item

nonresponse (i.e., missing data), thereby retaining cases with lower levels of missing data and

reducing the amount of statistical imputation needed for any given record.

The usable case criteria established for NSDUH were based on the completeness of

information respondents provided about their lifetime use or nonuse of different substances.

CG04c asks respondents about the month in which they first smoked part or all of a cigarette. However,

respondents are asked CG04c when the year in which they first smoked cigarettes logically must be the current

calendar year. Therefore, data from CG04c also are used in the creation of the edited variable for the year of first use

of cigarettes.

i-17

In NSDUH, respondents were asked more detailed questions about different substances only if

they reported lifetime use of that substance (or lifetime use of one or more drugs within a

broader category, such as hallucinogens) on an initial "gate" question; these questions are

subsequently referred to as gate questions because a report of use opens the "gate" to the

administration of additional questions, and other reports that do not explicitly indicate use close

the "gate."

Consequently, whether a NSDUH respondent was a user or nonuser of the

substances of interest could be readily determined by reviewing the respondent's answers to the

gate question on lifetime use of that substance (or category of substances).

For a NSDUH record to be considered usable, both of the following requirements must

be met:

1. The lifetime cigarette question CG01 (i.e., "Have you ever smoked part or all of a

cigarette?") had to have been answered as "yes" or "no." This requirement was set so that

lifetime use or nonuse would be fully defined for at least one substance. Consequently, data

about lifetime use or nonuse of cigarettes could be used in subsequent statistical imputations

for other substances where lifetime use or nonuse was undefined.

2. Responses to questions on at least nine (9) of the following additional substances had to

contain information about use or nonuse: (a) smokeless tobacco, (b) cigars, (c) alcohol,

(d) marijuana, (e) cocaine (in any form), (f) heroin, (g) hallucinogens, (h) inhalants,

(i) methamphetamine, (j) pain relievers, (k) tranquilizers, (l) stimulants (i.e., independent of

methamphetamine), and (m) sedatives. Crack cocaine was not included in the usable case

rule because the logic for asking about crack cocaine was dependent upon the respondent

having answered the lifetime cocaine question as "yes." Although the CAI instrument also

asked about pipe tobacco, this was not included in the usable case rule because there was

only one other question about pipe tobacco in addition to the lifetime pipe tobacco use

question.

27,28

The usability criterion for smokeless tobacco through heroin was that lifetime use or

nonuse must be determined. This same usability criterion was applied to the new module for

methamphetamine in 2015. For the "multiple gate" modules for hallucinogens and inhalants,

at least one gate question in the series for that module was required to have an answer of "yes" or

"no."

Any of the following met the usability criteria for prescription drugs:

In all substance use modules except those pertaining to hallucinogens, inhalants, pain relievers,

tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives, the logic for asking more detailed questions about use of that drug was based

on the answer to a single "yes/no" question (e.g., "Have you ever, even once, used marijuana or hashish?").

For a more detailed discussion of the development of the usable case requirements for the transition to

CAI in the 1999 survey, see the following reference: Kroutil, L., & Myers, L. (2002). Development of editing rules

for CAI substance use data. In J. Gfroerer, J. Eyerman, & J. Chromy (Eds.), Redesigning an ongoing national

household survey: Methodological issues (HHS Publication No. SMA 03-3768, pp. 85-109). Rockville, MD:

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies.

For more information about the development of the usable case requirements for the redesigned NSDUH

questionnaire, see the following reference: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2014). National

Survey on Drug Use and Health: 2012 Questionnaire field test final report. Retrieved from

https://www.samhsa.gov/data/

For hallucinogens and inhalants, the logic for asking more detailed questions about use of that category

of drugs was based on respondents' answers to multiple "yes/no" questions about the lifetime use or nonuse of

i-18

• past year use of at least one specific prescription drug in a category (e.g., pain relievers) was

reported, or

• lifetime use or nonuse of any prescription drug in the category was reported, or

• past year nonuse of all specific prescription drugs was reported, regardless of whether

lifetime use or nonuse can be determined.

The interview also included follow-up probes for respondents who initially refused to

answer a gate question or an entire series of gate questions. Follow-up probes were included

in the following modules that were relevant to the usable case rule: cigarettes, smokeless

tobacco, cigars, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, heroin, specific hallucinogens (i.e., LSD, PCP,

Ecstasy/"Molly" [MDMA]), any use of inhalants, and methamphetamine. If respondents changed

their initial refusal to a response of "yes" or "no," they were considered to have provided usable

data to that drug's gate information.

In addition, the CAI program terminated interviews during the initial demographics

questions if respondents were ineligible for the survey (i.e., under age 12 or on active duty in the

U.S. military) or if respondents did not provide their birthdate or age. Also, interviews were not

able to proceed if certain initial questions, such as gender and state of residence, were not

answered by the interviewer. These ineligible or incomplete cases did not meet the usable case

criteria because the interviews were terminated before the respondents were asked the first

cigarette use question.

Logical Editing

For selected key variables, response data were reviewed to identify and address

inconsistent data among related variables or to replace missing data with nonmissing values.

The routing logic in the CAI instrument reduced the opportunities for respondents to give

inconsistent answers by skipping respondents past questions that did not apply to them.

The occurrence of inconsistent data was reduced further through the use of consistency checks

built into the CAI program that prompted respondents to resolve inconsistencies between related

items. Nevertheless, there still were limited situations in which respondents could answer one

question in a manner that was inconsistent with their answer to a previous question.

Logical editing was the first step in processing many of the variables on the file. This

procedure used data within a respondent's record to identify and address inconsistencies among

related variables within a given module of the interview (e.g., within the hallucinogens section).

As part of this procedure, variables were identified that had been legitimately skipped because

the condition(s) for asking the questions did not apply. As a general principle, responses from

one module (e.g., hallucinogens) were not used to edit variables in another module (e.g.,

specific drugs within that category (e.g., lifetime use or nonuse of the following specific hallucinogens: lysergic acid

diethylamide (LSD); phencyclidine (PCP); peyote; mescaline; psilocybin/mushrooms; Ecstasy or "Molly" [3,4-

methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)]; ketamine; dimethyltryptamine (DMT), alpha-methyltryptamine

(AMT), or "Foxy" (i.e., 5-MeO-DIPT [5-methoxy-di-isopropyltryptamine]); Salvia divinorum; or "any other"

hallucinogen).

i-19

inhalants).

For this reason, data in one module may not be completely consistent with data in

other modules. Subsequent discussion about editing in this section focuses on key substance use

variables.

Editing Procedure for Substance Use Variables Other than Prescription Drugs

This section provides an overview of editing procedures for variables pertaining to

substances other than prescription drugs. Editing procedures for prescription drugs are described

separately in the following section because the questionnaire is structured differently for the

prescription drug questions.

In sections of the interview for tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine (including crack

cocaine), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, and methamphetamine, logical editing and processing

of substance use variables first involved identifying whether respondents had ever used or never

used the substance of interest. Determining whether or not respondents had ever used a given

substance (or any substance within a broader category, such as hallucinogens) included

identifying situations in which respondents initially refused to answer a question about their

lifetime use of a substance but then changed their answer to "yes" or "no" on follow-up.

If respondents did not provide sufficient information about their use or nonuse of a particular

substance (or category of substances, such as hallucinogens), their final status was assigned

through statistical imputation procedures. If values pertaining to lifetime use or nonuse of a

given substance were changed through the editing procedures, this editing was indicated through

special codes that indicated that a response was logically inferred; documentation for these codes

includes the phrase "LOGICALLY ASSIGNED." For example, if respondents did not report

lifetime use of LSD (a specific hallucinogen) in question LS01a, but they specified use of it as

some other hallucinogen they used, then they were logically inferred to be lifetime users of LSD.

After lifetime use or nonuse of a given substance had been determined as part of the

editing procedures, edits were implemented for the variables that established when respondents

last used a substance of interest. These edited recency-of-use variables were the precursors for

the final, imputed measures that established the prevalence of use in the past 30 days, past

12 months, and lifetime.

The interview included follow-up probes for respondents who were lifetime users of

a given substance but did not know or refused to report when they last used it. Respondents who

initially did not know when they last used a substance were asked to give their "best guess" of

when they last used it. Respondents who initially refused to report when they last used a

substance were asked to reconsider answering the question. If respondents changed their initial

answer of "don't know" or "refused" in response to these probes, the editing procedures

incorporated data from these probes into the final, edited recency-of-use variables. For example,

if respondents initially refused to report when they last used a substance but then reported in the

One exception to the principle of not editing across modules involved situations in which responses in

one module governed whether respondents were asked questions in another module. For example, if respondents

reported never using heroin but they received substance abuse treatment in the past 12 months, they were not asked

questions in the drug treatment module about current or past year treatment for heroin. Consequently, codes could be

assigned to indicate that the respondents skipped out of the heroin treatment questions because they had never used

it.

i-20

follow-up probe that they last used it more than 30 days ago but within the past 12 months, their

edited recency indicated use in that period, in the absence of any information that was

inconsistent with what they reported in the probe (see below).

For substances other than prescription drugs, situations were identified and flagged in

which there were inconsistencies between a respondent's answer to a substance's recency

question (or the answer in a follow-up probe) and other data in that module. For example, it

would be inconsistent for a respondent to report last using a substance "more than 12 months

ago" but also to report having first used it at his or her current age. In this example, the edited

recency variable was set to a value of 9 (see documentation in the paragraph below), and the

edited variable for the age at first use was set to the "bad data" code for missing data (see

Standard Code Conventions). These inconsistencies then were addressed by statistically

imputing final values for the affected recency variable and the other variable(s) where the data

were inconsistent with the respondent's original answer to the recency question.

If values pertaining to the period when respondents last used a substance were changed

through the editing procedures, special codes were assigned to indicate these edits had been

done. The documentation for these codes included the phrase "LOGICALLY ASSIGNED." For

example, a code of 8 in a substance's recency-of-use variable means "Used at some point in the

past 12 months LOGICALLY ASSIGNED." Specifically, if a respondent reported using a

substance more than 30 days ago but within the past 12 months but other data suggested the

respondent may have used the substance more recently, this code of 8 indicated that at least it

could be inferred the respondent was a user in the past 12 months (and potentially more

recently). Similarly, a code of 9 ("Used at some point in lifetime LOGICALLY ASSIGNED")

indicated the respondent was potentially a user in any period asked about for that particular

substance, including the past 30 days. In particular, respondents were assigned a code of 9 if they

initially answered "don't know" or "refused" to a substance's recency question and continued on

follow-up to answer "don't know" or "refused" regarding when they last used it.

Editing Procedure for Prescription Drug Variables

Beginning with the 2015 survey, respondents first were asked a series of screening

questions about any use of specific prescription drugs (pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants,

and sedatives) in the past 12 months (i.e., use or misuse) or any lifetime use if they did not report

past year use. Respondents were asked about misuse in the past year of any of the specific

prescription drugs they reported using in that period.

Consistent with the general editing principles described previously, an important

component of editing the prescription drug variables beginning with 2015 involved determining

whether respondents used (or misused) prescription drugs in their lifetime or in a particular

period within their lifetime (e.g., within the past 12 months). If respondents reported any use of

prescription drugs, the possibilities for most recent use were (a) use within the past 12 months,

(b) use more than 12 months ago (i.e., if respondents explicitly reported they used no

prescription drugs within that category within the past 12 months but they reported lifetime use),

and (c) use at some point in the respondent's lifetime (i.e., if respondents reported lifetime use of

any prescription drug in a given category but they had missing data for use in the past year of

specific prescription drugs).

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Because of the structure of the prescription drug questions beginning in 2015,

respondents were not asked a specific question for their most recent misuse of any prescription

drug in that category. Rather, variables for the most recent misuse of prescription pain relievers,

tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives were created from respondents' answers to questions

about the misuse of any prescription drug in the category in the past 30 days, misuse of specific

prescription drugs in a given category in the past 12 months, and lifetime misuse of any

prescription drug in the category. For example, if respondents reported misuse of one or more

specific prescription drugs in a given category in the past 12 months and they reported they did

not misuse any prescription drug in that category in the past 30 days, then it could be inferred the

most recent misuse for that prescription drug category occurred more than 30 days ago but

within the past 12 months.

As with other substances described in the previous section, respondents could provide

"indefinite" information on when they last misused prescription drugs. For example, if

respondents reported misuse of one or more specific prescription drugs in the past 12 months but

they did not know or refused to report whether they misused any prescription drug in the past

30 days, it could be inferred these respondents misused prescription drugs in the past 12 months

and potentially in the past 30 days. In these situations, an indefinite value for the most recent

period of misuse was assigned to the variables created for the most recent misuse of pain

relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives (e.g., "Used at some point in the past 12 months

LOGICALLY ASSIGNED"), and a final, specific value was statistically imputed.

Also, respondents were logically inferred to have misused (or used) a specific

prescription drug in the past 12 months if they did not report misuse of that drug in the past

12 months but they specified misuse of that drug as "some other drug" within that category

(e.g., any other prescription pain reliever) they misused in the past 12 months. In addition,

respondents were instructed not to report use or misuse of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs

available without a prescription. Therefore, respondents whose reported past year misuse

involved only OTC drugs were logically inferred not to have misused any prescription drug in

that category in the past 12 months.

Details of the editing procedures for the drug use variables in 2019 will appear in the

2019 NSDUH Methodological Resource Book.

Until that volume becomes available, refer to

the 2018 NSDUH Methodological Resource Book for documentation of these procedures.

Standard Code Conventions

Generally, the following codes have the same (or consistent) meanings across all

variables. Exceptions are noted in the documentation for individual variables.

See the reference in footnote 20.

Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2019). 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and

Health: Methodological resource book (Section 10, editing and imputation report). Retrieved from

https://www.samhsa.gov/data/

i-22

91 or 991 or 9991, etc. = NEVER USED [DRUG(s) OF INTEREST]

93 or 993 or 9993, etc. = USED [DRUG] BUT NOT IN THE PERIOD OF

INTEREST

94 or 994 or 9994, etc. = DON'T KNOW

97 or 997 or 9997, etc. = REFUSED

98 or 998 or 9998, etc. = BLANK (i.e., not answered; not asked the question)

99 or 999 or 9999, etc. = LEGITIMATE SKIP

The following analogous codes also were assigned as part of the logical editing process, with

exceptions being noted in the documentation for specific variables:

81 or 981, 9981, etc. = NEVER USED [DRUG(s) OF INTEREST] Logically

assigned

83 or 983, 9983, etc. = USED [DRUG] BUT NOT IN THE PERIOD OF

INTEREST Logically assigned

85 or 985, 9985, etc. = BAD DATA Logically assigned (i.e., usually inconsistent

with other data)

89 or 989, or 9989, etc. = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned

The codes of 81, 83, 85, and 89 were given values in the 80s to signify that existing

values were overwritten during editing. For example, if a respondent was somehow routed into

the youth experiences module but that respondent was subsequently classified as being 18 or

older, any answer the respondent gave in the youth experiences module was overwritten with

codes of 89 (or 989, etc.). These codes signify this adult respondent logically was not eligible to

be asked the youth experiences questions.

Codes of 85 (or 985, etc.), 94 (or 994, etc.), 97 (or 997, etc.), and 98 (or 998, etc.) are

codes for missing data. In particular, codes of 98 (i.e., blank) could occur in the data for the

following primary reasons:

• the respondent broke off the interview before reaching a particular question or section;

• in situations where respondents were asked to specify something, such as the name of some

other drug they had used, respondents typed only blank spaces; or

• the CAI program skipped the respondent past a question, but there was some uncertainty as

to whether the skipped question applied or did not apply to the respondent (e.g., if subsequent

questions about a drug were skipped because the respondent did not know whether he or she

ever used that drug).

Statistical Imputation

Statistical imputation refers to the substitution of acceptable estimated values for missing

values. These imputed values cannot be directly distinguished from nonimputed values. Using

statistical imputation, missing data were replaced with nonmissing values for selected variables.

i-23

These variables can be identified in the codebook by their labels, within which can be found the

words "IMPUTATION REVISED" or abbreviations such as "IMP REV." In addition, most

imputation-revised variables have names with the prefix "IR." (Although no missing data are

possible for gender, the "IR" prefix for IRSEX is maintained for continuity with past years.)

Associated indicator variables tell the user which values are imputed and which ones are not.

These indicator variables have the words "IMPUTATION INDICATOR" or abbreviations such

as "IMP IND" in their labels and are identified with the prefix "II." For some imputation-revised

variables, additional imputation indicators are available, identified with the prefix "II2," giving

more details about the source of the imputed or logically assigned value. In most cases, the

imputation-revised variable can be traced to a specific question in the questionnaire. However,

the imputation-revised variable occasionally corresponds to an edited variable derived from

several questions in the questionnaire.

With the 2019 survey, the drug use variables that underwent imputation were recency of

(mis)use (i.e., "misuse" or "use"), frequency of use in the past 12 months, frequency of (mis)use

in the past 30 days, past year initiation status, age at first (mis)use, and date of first (mis)use.

Age at first daily cigarette use and binge drinking frequency

in the past 30 days were also drug

use variables that underwent statistical imputation. Beginning in 2015, drug use variables

undergoing imputation also included substance dependence and abuse (use disorder) for

hallucinogens, inhalants, methamphetamine, and prescription drugs (i.e., pain relievers,

tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives). Substance dependence and abuse for other substances

continue to be zero-filled (i.e., missing data are treated as negative responses) to maintain trends

with previous years.

Imputation of missing values in these drug use variables was accomplished using two

imputation procedures developed specifically for NSDUH. The first method, predictive mean

neighborhood (PMN), has been used to impute missing values in the survey since 1999 and is a

combination of model-assisted and nearest neighbor hot-deck imputation methods. The second

imputation method used to impute missing values for some drug use and substance dependence

or abuse variables, modified predictive mean neighborhood (modPMN), is so named because it

includes both simplifications and modifications to the PMN methodology and has been used for

selected variables on NSDUH since 2015. The modPMN procedure uses the model-assisted

imputation methodology of the PMN approach while also permitting the user to cycle through a

set of related variables multiple times. The PMN method also was used in the 2019 survey to

impute missing values in the demographic, employment status, immigrant status, income,

insurance, and roster-derived household composition variables, as well as variables associated

with responding pairs. One group of variables for which neither the PMN method nor the

modPMN method was used is nicotine dependence. Instead, a weighted least squares regression

was used to obtain continuous predicted means, which in turn were used directly as imputed

Binge alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion for males and drinking

four or more drinks on the same occasion for females (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each

other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. Heavy alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same

occasion for males or drinking four or more drinks of the same occasion for females on each of 5 or more days in the

past 30 days; all heavy alcohol users are also binge alcohol users.

i-24

values for this set of variables. More details on the methods used for imputation can be found in

the 2019 NSDUH Methodological Resource Book, which will be available in 2021.

For all imputation-revised variables except those associated with nicotine dependence,

the levels within the variables are limited to the valid responses in the interview itself. If neither

editing nor imputation was required for any of these variables, the levels for the edited and

imputation-revised variables are the same, with each level corresponding to a valid interview

response. If an edited variable has a logically assigned value for which no imputation was

required, that logically assigned value was converted to the associated valid interview response

in the imputation-revised variable. Finally, levels in the edited variable not corresponding to a

valid interview response indicate the information available for that respondent was incomplete

and, consequently, imputation was required. In the imputation-revised variable, these levels were

replaced by imputed values corresponding to valid interview responses, which were made

consistent with any preexisting information related to that variable. Examples of levels indicating

incomplete information include "bad data," "don't know," and "refused." Also, in the case of

recency of use, some levels in the edited variable describe a more general recency than was

designated from a valid interview response, which, in the imputation-revised variable, were

replaced by imputed values consistent with the general recency level.

Imputation Indicators

For each variable including imputed values, concomitant indicator variables distinguish

imputed from nonimputed values. These associated variables have names nearly identical to the

imputation-revised variables, except that the IR prefix was replaced by an II or an II2. In general,

the imputation indicator variables with the II prefix have three levels:

1 = From interview

2 = Logically assigned

3 = Statistically imputed.

These levels indicate whether the imputation-revised variable's value originated from interview

responses, was logically assigned in the editing process, or was imputed. In some cases, the

routing inherent in NSDUH prevented a respondent from answering certain questions because of

his or her responses to previous questions. For the drug use variables, if a respondent had been

skipped out of a question, the response in the imputation-revised variables is coded as "never

used" or is coded to indicate the respondent had not used in the relevant time period. For other

variables where this occurred, the imputation-revised variable has a level with a label indicating

a legitimate skip. The imputation indicators associated with these variables also have an

additional level, which likewise has a label indicating a legitimate skip. Typically, this level is

given as 9 (= Legitimate skip), often with an accompanying explanation for the skip.

Variables having an additional set of imputation indicators, as denoted by the prefix

"II2," are IRHOGRP4, IRWRKSTAT18, IRWRKSTAT, and the recency and frequency of drug

use variables. Beginning in 2015 for smokeless tobacco, inhalants, hallucinogens, Ecstasy,

ketamine, DMT/AMT/Foxy, Salvia divinorum, methamphetamine, and prescription drugs (i.e.,

See the reference in footnote 20.

i-25

pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives), only one set of imputation indicators

denoted by the prefix "II" was created. For this set of drugs, these imputation indicators contain

the more detailed breakdown of statistically imputed cases typically found in the variables with

the prefix "II2" for all remaining drugs as described below. For IRHOGRP4, the II2 variable is

simply a more detailed description of the sources of information for these variables. For

IRWRKSTAT18 and IRWRKSTAT, the II2 variables provide more details about the constraints

on imputed values, where the legitimate skip levels are equivalent to those given by the II

variables. The drug use II2 variables are a result of the implementation of the flag-and-impute

editing procedures on the recency-of-use data. Greater details on these editing procedures are

given in the Logical Editing section of this introduction. With these editing procedures,

inconsistent responses in the recency-of-use variables were replaced by more general, consistent

responses. Subsequently, the specific responses then were imputed. If the response from a

recency-of-use variable was considered partially known, such as past year use of a given drug

with the more specific recency unknown, imputed values had to be limited to what was

consistent with this incomplete information. The types of partial information available for a

given variable are as follows:

8 = Used at some point in the past 12 months LOGICALLY ASSIGNED

9 = Used at some point in lifetime LOGICALLY ASSIGNED

14 = Used more than 12 months ago LOGICALLY ASSIGNED

19 = Used more than 30 days ago LOGICALLY ASSIGNED

29 = Used more than 30 days ago but in the past 3 years LOGICALLY ASSIGNED

39 = Used within the past 3 years LOGICALLY ASSIGNED

83 = Did not misuse within the past 12 months, lifetime misuse unknown

LOGICALLY ASSIGNED.

Four of these levels (14, 19, 29, and 39) are for tobacco product use only, and the last

level (83) is for pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives only. In the imputation

indicator for recency of drug use variables, level 3 indicates statistical imputation, but no detail is

given regarding any available partial information. The II2 variable breaks out the II level 3 into

the following levels for nonprescription drugs:

3 = Statistically imputed data - lifetime use imputed

4 = Statistically imputed data - edited recency = 9

5 = Statistically imputed data - edited recency = 8

6 = Statistically imputed data - edited recency = 19

7 = Statistically imputed data - edited recency = 14

8 = Statistically imputed data - edited recency = 29

9 = Statistically imputed data - edited recency = 39.

For the prescription drugs (i.e., pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives),

the levels of the imputation indicator variables for recency of misuse also contained information

i-26

on whether the recency variable associated with any use in the past year or lifetime required

imputation. For these drugs, the statistically imputed cases are broken out into the following

levels to account for this additional source of information:

3 = Statistically imputed data - recency of any use imputed

4 = Statistically imputed data - recency of any use known

5 = Statistically imputed data - edited recency = 9

6 = Statistically imputed data - edited recency = 8

7 = Statistically imputed data - edited recency = 83.

Constraints and Consistency

The imputation of missing values in the demographics and drug use variables was subject

to numerous constraints to ensure imputed values would be consistent with preexisting,

nonmissing values. For multivariate analyses, the imputation-revised variables should be used as

long as these variables all come from the same section of the interview. On the other hand, no

attempt was made to ensure consistency between the imputation-revised variables from different

sections of the questionnaire or between variables that undergo imputation and those that do not.

For example, the question on the most recent use of cocaine (CCLAST3) from the cocaine

section of the questionnaire undergoes imputation, and every attempt is made to ensure this

variable is consistent with other nonmissing information from the same section of the

questionnaire, such as age at first use and frequency of use. However, it is possible for the

imputation-revised cocaine recency variable (IRCOCRC) to be inconsistent with the question on

the most recent use of cocaine with a needle (SD06), which does not undergo imputation, from

the special drugs section of the codebook. Therefore, for analyses of relationships requiring

imputation-revised variables from multiple sections of the interview or a combination of

imputation-revised variables and variables not undergoing imputation, simultaneous use of these

variables may not be appropriate.

Variance Estimation of Estimated Numbers of Individuals

Prevalence rates are the proportions of the population who exhibit characteristics of

interest (such as substance use). Let represent the prevalence rate of interest for domain d.

Then would be defined as the ratio

where

d iii

Y wy

∈

∑

, which represents the estimated number of individuals with the

characteristic of interest in domain d;

d ii

∈

∑

, which represents the estimated total

number of individuals in the domain d; S represents the sample;

represents the analysis

weight;

represents an indicator variable defined as 1 if the ith sample unit is in domain d and

p =

i-27

is equal to 0 otherwise; and

represents an indicator variable defined as 1 if the ith sample unit

exhibits the characteristic of interest and is equal to 0 otherwise.

The sampling error of an estimate is the error caused by the selection of a sample instead

of conducting a census of the population. The sampling error may be reduced by selecting a large

sample and/or by using efficient sample design and estimation strategies, such as stratification,

optimal allocation, and ratio estimation. The use of probability sampling methods in NSDUH

allows estimation of sampling error from the survey data. The standard errors (SEs, which are

the square roots of the variances) are used to identify unreliable estimates and to test for the

statistical significance of differences between estimates.

Suitable software packages, such as SUDAAN,

can be used to calculate direct estimates

of and (and, therefore, ) and also can be used to estimate their respective SEs.

Although SEs of the estimates of means and proportions can be calculated appropriately in

software (such as SUDAAN) using a Taylor series linearization approach, SEs of the estimates

of totals may be underestimated in situations where the domain size is poststratified to data from

the U.S. Census Bureau.

When the domain size, , is free of sampling error, the following formula is an

alternative to using SUDAAN to estimate the SE for the total number of individuals with a

characteristic of interest is (e.g., substance users):

This alternative SE estimation method is theoretically correct when the domain size

estimates, , are among those forced to match their respective U.S. Census Bureau population

estimates through the weight calibration process.

In these situations, is not subject to a

sampling error induced by the NSDUH design. For an estimated number, , where the domain

is not fixed (i.e., where domain size estimates are not forced to match the U.S. Census

Bureau population estimates), this alternative SE estimation method still may provide a good

approximation if it can be assumed that the sampling variation in is negligible relative to the

sampling variation in . This is a reasonable assumption for many situations in this study.

For some subsets of domain estimates, using this alternative SE estimate method where

domain sizes are not fixed yielded an underestimate of the SE of a total because was subject

to considerable variation. Because of this underestimation, the alternative SE estimation method

was not implemented when was not fixed.

A "mixed" method approach can be used to improve the accuracy of SEs and to better

reflect the effects of poststratification on the variance of total estimated numbers of individuals.

See the reference in footnote 23.

See the reference in footnote 20.

ˆˆ

SE ( ) SE( )

ddd

YN p=

i-28

This approach assigns the method of SE calculation to domains (subgroups for which the

estimates were calculated) so that all estimates among a select set of domains with fixed

were calculated using the alternative SE estimate method above, and all other estimates were

calculated directly in SUDAAN. The use of such SEs for the estimated number of individuals did

not affect the SE estimates for the corresponding proportions because all of the SEs for means

and proportions are calculated directly in SUDAAN. Table 1 includes the domains that should

utilize the alternative SE method due to fixed for the 2019 public use file.

Table 1. Demographic Domains for the Public Use File That Should Use the Alternative

Standard Error Estimation Method for Calculating the Standard Errors of the

Estimated Number of Individuals, Totals: 2019

Main Effect

Two-Way Interaction

Age Group

12-17

18-25

Age Group × Gender

26-34

(e.g., Males Aged 12 to 17)

35+

Collapsed Age Categories from Above

Gender

Male

Female

Race/Ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino

Not Hispanic or Latino, White

NSDUH = National Survey on Drug Use and Health; SE = standard error.

Note: The alternative SE estimation method for the estimated number of individuals (totals),

( )

ˆˆ

ddd

SE Y N SE p=

, is applied

when the domain size estimates,

, are among those forced to match their respective U.S. Census Bureau population

estimates through the weight calibration process.

Note: The alternative SE estimation method does not affect the SEs for the corresponding means and proportions. These latter

SEs are calculated directly in SUDAAN

, whereas the alternative SE estimation method is computed outside of

SUDAAN using the formula provided in the first note. See the following reference: RTI International. (2013). SUDAAN

language manual, Release 11.0.1. Research Triangle Park, NC: Author.

Note: Domains in this table are different from those in Table 3.1 of the 2019 NSDUH's methodological summary and

definitions report because of different adjustments applied to the weights on the public use file. See the following

reference: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2020). 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health:

Methodological summary and definitions. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/

Main effect age group categories shown in the table can be collapsed to form broader age group categories (e.g., 12 or older,

18 or older, 18 to 34, 12 to 25). Collapsed main effect age group categories and two-way interactions with other main effect

demographic domains shown (e.g., males aged 35 or older) also use the alternative SE estimation method because the

collapsed main effects will sum to the census totals for the category being defined. However, broader age groups including

only a subset of the main effect age groups (e.g., 12 to 20, 21 or older, 15 to 44), age groups finer than the main effect age

groups (e.g., 12 and 13, 18 to 20), or two-way interactions of these types of collapsed age categories with other main effect

domains (e.g., females aged 15 to 44) should not use the alternative SE estimation method.

This domain is considered a two-way interaction. Thus, any additional domains crossed with Not Hispanic or Latino, White

(e.g., Not Hispanic or Latino, Whites aged 18 to 25) represent three-way interactions that do not use the alternative SE

estimation method.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2019.

i-29

Statistical Significance of Differences

Due to the 2002 NSDUH methodology changes, the 2002 data constituted a new baseline

for tracking trends in substance use and other measures. As noted previously, it is not considered

appropriate to make comparisons of the 2002 through 2019 NSDUH estimates with 2001 and

earlier NHSDA estimates to assess changes in substance use over time. If comparisons such as

these are made, it is recommended they be interpreted with caution. For a more detailed

description of the changes to the 2002 NSDUH methodology, see Appendix C of the Results from

the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings.

Additionally, a partial

questionnaire redesign in 2015 caused many estimates to break trends. Further questionnaire

updates since 2015 could also affect the comparability of some measures. For the effects of

questionnaire changes since 2015 on trends, see the codebook notes for more detailed

information.

Customarily, the observed difference between estimates is evaluated in terms of its

statistical significance. Statistical significance is based on the p value of the test statistic and

refers to the probability that a difference as large as that observed would occur due to random

variability in the estimates if there were no difference in the prevalence estimates for the

population groups being compared. The significance of observed differences is generally

reported at the .05 level when the p value is defined as less than or equal to the designated

significance level.

When comparing prevalence estimates, one can test the null hypothesis (no difference

between prevalence estimates) against the alternative hypothesis (there is a difference in

prevalence estimates) using the standard difference in proportions test expressed as

where = first prevalence estimate, = second prevalence estimate, = the estimated

variance of the first prevalence estimate, = the estimated variance of the second

prevalence estimate, and = the estimated covariance between and . Note that

the first and second prevalence estimates may take the form of prevalence estimates from two

different survey years (e.g., 2018 and 2019, respectively), prevalence estimates from sets of

combined survey data (e.g., 2016-2017 annual averages and 2018-2019 annual averages,

respectively), or prevalence estimates for populations of interest within a single survey year.

For more information on the various types of tests, see Chapter 7 in the 2018 statistical inference

report.

Office of Applied Studies. (2003). Results from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health:

National findings (HHS Publication No. SMA 03-3836, NSDUH Series H-22). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse

and Mental Health Services Administration.

Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (in press). 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and

Health: Methodological resource book (Section 13, Statistical inference report). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse

and Mental Health Services Administration.

var( )p

ˆˆ

cov( , )pp

( ) ( ) ( )

1 2 12

ˆˆ

ˆ ˆ ˆˆ

var var 2cov ,

p p pp

−

+−

i-30

Under the null hypothesis, Z is asymptotically distributed as a normal random variable.

Therefore, calculated values of Z can be referred to as the unit normal distribution to determine

the corresponding probability level (i.e., p value). Because the covariance term between the two

estimates is not necessarily zero, SUDAAN

may be used to compute estimates of Z along with

the associated p values such that the covariance term is calculated by taking the sample design

into account. A similar procedure and formula for Z is used for testing between the estimated

totals.

When comparing outcomes of interest for all data points across all years of interest (e.g.,

2002 to 2019 for past month cigarette use), linear and quadratic trend testing can be conducted

using SUDAAN. Linear trend testing indicates whether estimates have decreased, increased, or

remained steady over the period of interest. Quadratic trend testing indicates whether estimates

have leveled off or changed direction over the period of interest. For more information on

computing linear trend tests, see the 2018 statistical inference report.

When comparing population subgroups defined by three or more levels of a categorical

variable, log-linear chi-square tests of independence of the subgroup and the prevalence

variables should be conducted first to control the error level for multiple comparisons. If Shah's

Wald F test (transformed from the standard Wald chi-square and computed in SUDAAN)

indicates overall significant differences, the significance of each particular pairwise comparison

of interest should be tested using SUDAAN analytic procedures to properly account for the

sample design.

If SUDAAN is not available to compute the significance testing, using published

estimates can provide similar testing results. When comparing prevalence rates shown with SEs,

t tests that assume independence for the difference of proportions can be performed and usually

will provide the same results as tests performed in SUDAAN. However, where the p value is

close to the predetermined level of significance, results may differ for two reasons: (1) the

covariance term is included in the SUDAAN tests, whereas it is not included in t tests that

assume independence; and (2) the reduced number of significant digits shown in the published

estimates may cause rounding errors in the t tests assuming independence.

Although not generated in all NSDUH publications, some publications do include

sampling error in the form of 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs). CIs for NSDUH are

computed using degrees of freedom (df) and critical values of the t-distribution, which will

change dependent on which sample of data is being analyzed. For more information about

computing CIs and df, see Chapter 8 and 6, respectively, in the 2018 statistical inference report.

In terms of testing for differences between prevalence rates shown with 95 percent CIs, it is

See the reference in footnote 23.

See the reference in footnote 38.

See the reference in footnote 23.

See the reference in footnote 38.

i-31

important to note that two overlapping 95 percent CIs do not imply their rates are statistically

equivalent at the 5 percent level of significance.

Confidentiality of Data

To protect the confidentiality of respondents to the 2019 NSDUH, the full analytic file of

67,625 individuals was treated using a statistical disclosure limitation method called

MASSC,

44,45,46

which consists of the following four major steps: Micro Agglomeration, optimal

probabilistic Substitution, optimal probabilistic Subsampling, and optimal sampling weight

Calibration. All directly identifying information (such as name, phone number, and address) on

the file was eliminated. In addition, census region, state, and other geographic identifiers were

removed. Moreover, the household link between respondents from the same household was not

included in the public use file.

All of the variables on the file were reviewed for the possibility of identifying a

respondent by combining a number of them at one time. Variables considered to have a high

potential of personal identification, as well as a high value for analysis, were treated by standard

procedures of categorization and top-and-bottom coding. Using the selected key identifying

variables, the data were partitioned into risk strata in the micro agglomeration step to control for

the level of treatment based on the records' risk status in the subsequent MASSC steps. In

addition, two other techniques were used in MASSC to introduce sufficient uncertainty for

anyone who attempted to identify an individual and his or her confidential responses. First, on a

random basis, a sample of records was drawn, and variables were substituted from a similar

donor record. This step, referred to as substitution, introduces uncertainty about the identity of a

record in the database. This process makes it difficult for an intruder to be certain that any record

corresponds to a specific individual because some of the variables used to identify the record

may have come from other individuals. Second, a portion of the records was randomly removed

from the file to reduce the probability of determining that any known respondent was in the

public use file. This step, referred to as subsampling, introduces further uncertainty about the

For additional information, see the following reference: Payton, M. E., Greenstone, M. H., & Schenker,

N. (2003). Overlapping confidence intervals or standard error intervals: What do they mean in terms of statistical

significance? Journal of Insect Science, 3, 34. https://doi.org/10.1673/031.003.3401 . Also see the following

reference for further details: Schenker, N., & Gentleman, J. F. (2001, August). On judging the significance of

differences by examining the overlap between confidence intervals. American Statistician, 55(3), 182-186.

https://doi.org/10.1198/000313001317097960

Singh, A. C. (2002). Method for statistical disclosure limitation (U.S. Patent Application Pub. No.

US 2004/0049517A1). Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI International. The patent was granted in June 2006

(Patent No. US7058638B2).

Singh, A. C., Yu, F., & Dunteman, G. H. (2003). MASSC: A new data mask for limiting statistical

information loss and disclosure. In Proceedings of the Joint UNECE/EUROSTAT Work Session on Statistical Data

Confidentiality, Luxembourg (Working Paper No. 23, pp. 373-394). Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Statistical

Commission and Economic Commission for Europe Conference of European Statisticians, European Commission

Statistical Office of the European Communities (EUROSTAT).

Singh, A., Yu, F., & Wilson, D. H. (2004, August). Measures of information loss and disclosure risk

under MASSC treatment of micro-data for statistical disclosure limitation. In Proceedings of the 2004 Joint

Statistical Meetings, American Statistical Association, Section on Survey Research Methods, Toronto, Canada

(pp. 4374-4381). Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association.

i-32

presence of a target record in the database. The result is that there is a very small probability of

identifying an individual from the file.

Substitution and subsampling were done while simultaneously constraining the resultant

file to a minimal increase in bias and a minimal decrease in precision for numerous estimates of

drug use prevalence across a number of domains. In addition, the weights on the final file were

recalibrated to known totals from the full restricted-use analytic file so as to minimize the

decrease in precision owing to the two techniques noted above (for details, see the section on

Public Use File Weight Calibration). Under the MASSC framework, both disclosure risk and

information loss are controlled and measured simultaneously.

A further disclosure control procedure includes the treatment of the design variables

VEREP (variance estimation [pseudo] replicate within stratum) and VESTR (variance estimation

[pseudo] stratum).

These replicate and stratum identifiers were treated by coarsening,

substitution, and scrambling. Similar to the 2014 to 2018 public use files, the 2019 public use

file's variance estimation stratum variable VESTR was aggregated into 50 pseudo-strata due to

the sample redesign since the 2014 NSDUH, whereas in 2013 and prior years, there were

60 pseudo-strata. In addition, certain variables were recoded (e.g., by collapsing of rare levels),

collapsed (e.g., by combining low frequency variables) to make composite variables, or locally

suppressed (e.g., by setting to missing values) for confidentiality reasons.

These statistical disclosure limitation methods have been implemented in such a way that

the public use file continues to be representative of civilian members of the noninstitutionalized

population in the United States.

Public Use File Weight Calibration

As noted in the previous section on Confidentiality of Data, after the substitution step in

MASSC, some respondents have their identifying variables changed, and after the subsampling

step, a dataset that is a subset of the original full sample of the analytic data file is produced.

Thus, weight calibration is needed in which the public use file weights are calibrated to the full

sample totals to reduce bias due to substitution and variance due to subsampling.

In the subsampling step, the SAS procedure SURVEYSELECT was used to select a

subsample based on the selection probabilities obtained from the subsampling step for each

record. The Chromy sampling method

was used to sequentially draw a random subsample

within each stratum defined by the sampling design variables VEREP and VESTR (i.e., the

analytic full sample design variables before disclosure treatment).

For each record, SAS

generated a weight adjustment, which is approximately the inverse probability of selection for

that record. The original analysis weight ANALWT was multiplied by this weight adjustment to

get an intermediate subsample weight ANALWT2. This step accounts for the different

See the reference in footnote 38.

Chromy, J. R. (1979). Sequential sample selection methods. In Proceedings of the 1979 American

Statistical Association, Survey Research Methods Section, Washington, DC (pp. 401-406). Retrieved from

http://www.asasrms.org/Proceedings/index.html

See the reference in footnote 38.

i-33

subsampling rates for the respondents and ensures that the total weight of the subsample

(ANALWT2) is close to the total weight of the original sample (ANALWT).

In the calibration step, ANALWT2 was further adjusted so that the sum of the final

public use file weights matched the sum of ANALWT from the original analytic data for a set of

main study variables and auxiliary variables (which were select identifying variables, such as

demographic variables). This process, known as calibration in MASSC, is a poststratification

adjustment and helps reduce bias due to substitution and variance due to subsampling. The

generalized exponential model (GEM) developed by Folsom and Singh

was used for this

poststratification, and the control totals used for poststratification were the final analysis weight

ANALWT from the full analytic dataset. Note that ANALWT in turn was poststratified to annual

population counts obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau. Variables (both main effects and

two-way interactions) used in the weight calibration in GEM modeling were typically

demographic variables. Sometimes, a few of the variables were dropped or collapsed if they had

a zero or a small sample size or if the model had convergence issues. The sampling weights on

the public use file were adjusted for subsampling and calibrated with respect to approximately

45 demographic domains. A sublist of the domains that match their respective U.S. Census

Bureau population estimates can be found in Table 1 (shown earlier), where an alternative way

can be used to estimate SEs of the totals; for details, see the section on Variance Estimation of

Estimated Numbers of Individuals.

For each record on the public use file, the final weight after calibration was referred to as

ANALWT_C, which is the product of ANALWT2 and the weighting adjustment factor from

GEM. The sum of ANALWT_C on the public use file is identical to the sum of ANALWT on

the full analytic file, both overall and by values of the calibration variables in Table 1.

Public Use File Estimates and Standard Errors

A number of variables were reviewed after the above disclosure avoidance process was

completed in order to determine the impact of these techniques on the bias and precision of

estimates compared with those from the full (i.e., untreated or restricted-use) file. These

variables included both variables for which partial records were substituted and other variables

that were not perturbed. In addition, the change in precision in estimates was studied for 340

combinations of 34 domains and 10 response variables (e.g., the combination of past month

alcohol use in the 12 to 17 age group). The ratio of the estimates from the public use file and the

full restricted-use file was calculated for each domain and response variable combination. The

average ratio over the 34 domains for the 10 response variables was within the 0.99 to 1.02

range. Similarly, to assess the decrease in precision, the SE was compared between the public

use file and the full restricted-use file. For the 10 response variables, the average increase in SEs

over the 34 domains was about 0.5 to 9 percent, with the exception of HALLUCFLAG (lifetime

hallucinogens used flag) and SEDNMFLAG (lifetime sedatives misused flag), which had an

average increase in the SE of about 11 and 13 percent, respectively.

Folsom, R. E., & Singh, A. C. (2000). The generalized exponential model for sampling weight

calibration for extreme values, nonresponse, and poststratification. In Proceedings of the 2000 Joint Statistical

Meetings, American Statistical Association, Survey Research Methods Section, Indianapolis, IN (pp. 598-603).

Retrieved from http://www.asasrms.org/Proceedings/index.html

i-34

Survey analysis software can be used (along with the weight variable ANALWT_C and

the public use file design variables VEREP and VESTR) to produce estimates and their SEs.

Tables 2 and 3 show the ratios of the prevalence estimates and their SEs calculated from the

public use file to those calculated from the full restricted-use file for certain demographic

domains not included in the calibration constraints.

Table 2 shows the ratios of prevalence estimates and SEs from the public use file

subsample to the full sample for past month marijuana use, a relatively high prevalence drug.

Table 3 shows the same ratios for past year heroin use, a relatively low prevalence drug.

The results are shown for seven demographic domains.

Table 2. Past Month Marijuana Prevalence and Standard Error Ratios of the Public Use

File Subsample to the Full Sample, by Seven Domains: 2019

Domain Prevalence Ratio Standard Error Ratio

Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native 1.04 0.98

Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 1.02 0.71

Non-Hispanic Asian 0.96 1.03

Non-Hispanic Two or More Races 1.00 1.05

Household with Four Members 0.99 1.09

Household with Five Members 1.01 1.06

Household with Six or More Members 1.00 1.18

Note: Ratio = (Public use file subsample estimate / Full sample estimate).

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2019.

Table 3. Past Year Heroin Prevalence and Standard Error Ratios of the Public Use File

Subsample to the Full Sample, by Seven Domains: 2019

Domain Prevalence Ratio Standard Error Ratio

Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native 1.08 1.12

Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 1.03 1.03

Non-Hispanic Asian .. ..

Non-Hispanic Two or More Races 1.03 1.07

Household with Four Members 1.01 1.14

Household with Five Members 1.04 1.06

Household with Six or More Members 1.07 1.09

Note: Ratio = (Public use file subsample estimate / Full sample estimate). Missing cells (signified by two dots) are due to a

zero-observed prevalence rate in certain race/ethnicity domains.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2019.

i-35

Users of the public use file are cautioned against analyzing and interpreting near zero or

low prevalence outcomes and estimates based on small sample sizes. Public use file users are

encouraged to implement suppression criteria

in order to eliminate estimates considered to

have low precision.

Information on how to define options for analyzing NSDUH public use file data along

with sample SUDAAN, SAS, and Stata code for producing estimates, performing statistical tests

of differences, and fitting linear or logistic regression models are provided in an appendix titled

Sample SUDAAN

, SAS

, and Stata Code and PUF Estimates. Additionally, a few sample

tables produced from the 2019 NSDUH public use file are included in that appendix so that a

user can ensure that public use file data are downloaded correctly by replicating the estimates in

those tables.

Special Types of Analyses

Data file users who wish to analyze data from multiple survey years, including 2019

(e.g., 2002 through 2019

), should first sort the combined data by the sample design variables

VESTR and VEREP. These variables then are specified in a software package, such as

SUDAAN, to automatically account for the 50 percent overlap between successive years when

estimating variances and SEs. The final public use file person-level analysis weight on the data

file should be used when analyzing data for any single year or when comparing estimates

between years within a combined file containing data from multiple years. However, estimation

of the annual average number of individuals who have engaged in a particular behavior based

upon pooled data from multiple years requires adjustment to the analysis weights. These adjusted

weights would be created as the final weight divided by the number of years of combined data

(e.g., the person-level weight divided by 18 for estimates based on the 18-year combined data

from 2002 through 2019).

If a data file user is interested in generating estimates using some combination of quarter-

level data, a sample weight can be created using the person-level analysis weight as follows:

New Weight = (4/q) * Person-Level If the record represents a respondent in

Analysis Weight one of the quarters of interest

= 0 Otherwise, …

where q = total number of quarters in the domain of interest.

For example, if one is interested in generating estimates for the first quarter of 2019,

an appropriate sample weight would be constructed as follows:

The suppression rules used for the 2019 NSDUH national estimates are in Section 3.2.2 of the 2019

NSDUH's methodological summary and definitions report. See the following reference: Center for Behavioral

Health Statistics and Quality. (2020). 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological summary and

definitions. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. However, public use file users can use their own

discretion to formulate appropriate suppression rules.

Changes in the sample design are accounted for in the sample design variables. Therefore, it is

appropriate to combine 2002 through 2013 data with data from 2014 and onward.

i-36

New Weight = (4/1) * Person-Level If the record represents a respondent in

Analysis Weight quarter 1

= 0 If the record represents a respondent in

quarters 2, 3, or 4.

If one is interested in generating estimates for the first half of 2019 (quarters 1 and 2),

an appropriate sample weight would be constructed as follows:

New Weight = (4/2) * Person-Level If the record represents a respondent in

Analysis Weight quarters 1 or 2

= 0 If the record represents a respondent in

quarters 3 or 4.

In years when a split-sample design is implemented, a special weight is developed for the

split samples. When analysis with pooled data from multiple years is conducted, analysts should

check the documents for those specific years on how to use the analysis weights in order to use

a proper analysis weight for the pooled data analysis.

For example, in the 2004 NSDUH, adult respondents aged 18 or older were split

approximately evenly, where respondents in sample A were administered the full adult mental

health module as it had been administered in 2002 and 2003, and respondents in sample B were

administered a short version of the adult mental health module in addition to the adult depression

module as it was administered in 2005, 2006, and 2007. Thus, analyses using 2004 data from

either the adult mental health module (renamed to the psychological distress module in 2005,

2006, and 2007) or the adult depression module need to be conducted using a different weight

variable. For 2004, analyses that include the adult mental health variables for MDE and/or

unadjusted SPD should involve the following:

1. select either sample A or sample B by using the ADLTSAMP variable (ADLTSAMP = 1

corresponds to sample A, and ADLTSAMP = 2 corresponds to sample B) to restrict the

analysis to the appropriate half sample; and

2. when combining 2004 adult half-sample data with data for survey years that have

comparably defined adult mental health variables, the weight variable (SPD analysis weight

for 2004 and the person-level analysis weight for the other years in the analysis) should be

divided by the total number of years in the analysis.

For details on how to analyze several years of combined public use file data, refer to the

section on Examples of SUDAAN, Stata, and SAS Code in the combined 2002-2018 public use

file codebook addendum.

From the main SAMHDA webpage at https://datafiles.samhsa.gov/, click on the "Download Data" tab.

Next, press the "National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)" tab, then click on "NSDUH-2002-2018

National Survey on Drug Use and Health." Under the "Datasets in this Study" heading, click on "NSDUH-2002-

2018-DS0001." The 2002-2018 addendum is available as a Word file download under the "Dataset Documentation"

heading (filename = "nsduh-2002-2018-ds0001-other-combined-puf-addendum.docx").

IDENTIFICATION

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ....................................................... 3

IDENTIFICATION

The following variable, QUESTID2, is a unique record identifier within a particular study year. The IDs may be repeated in other study years, so

analysts should always consider the study year when using the QUESTID2. It should be noted that this variable was referred to as QUESTID in

prior years.

QUESTID2 Len : 7 RESPONDENT IDENTIFICATION

The following variable, FILEDATE, represents the date the SAS data file was created.

FILEDATE Len : 10 CREATION DATE OF THE DATA FILE

TOBACCO

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ....................................................... 4

SELF-ADMINISTERED SUBSTANCE USE SECTIONS

TOBACCO

These questions are about your use of tobacco products. This includes cigarettes, chewing tobacco, snuff, cigars, and pipe tobacco. The first

questions are about cigarettes only.

Have you ever smoked part or all of a cigarette?

(CG01, CGREF1)

CIGEVER Len : 1 EVER SMOKED A CIGARETTE

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 25671 45.73

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 30465 54.27

If one of your best friends offered you a cigarette, would you smoke it?

(CG02)

CIGOFRSM Len : 2 IF BEST FRIEND OFFERED, WOULD YOU SMOKE CIG

Freq Pct

1 = Definitely Yes ............................................................................................................... 16 0.03

2 = Probably Yes................................................................................................................. 154 0.27

3 = Probably Not ................................................................................................................. 1616 2.88

4 = Definitely Not ............................................................................................................... 10250 18.26

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 4 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 6 0.01

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 44090 78.54

At any time during the next 12 months do you think you will smoke a cigarette?

(CG03)

CIGWILYR Len : 2 DO YOU THINK YOU'LL SMOKE CIG IN NEXT 12 MOS

Freq Pct

1 = Definitely Yes ............................................................................................................... 9 0.02

2 = Probably Yes................................................................................................................. 70 0.12

3 = Probably Not ................................................................................................................. 1243 2.21

4 = Definitely Not ............................................................................................................... 10714 19.09

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 6 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 4 0.01

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 44090 78.54

How old were you the first time you smoked part or all of a cigarette?

(CG04)

CIGTRY Len : 3 AGE WHEN FIRST SMOKED A CIGARETTE

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 65 ................................................................................................................. 25357 45.17

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 138 0.25

991 = NEVER USED CIGARETTES ................................................................................. 30465 54.27

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 147 0.26

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 29 0.05

Did you first smoke part or all of a cigarette in [CURRENT YEAR - 1] or [CURRENT YEAR]?

Did you first smoke part or all of a cigarette in [CURRENT YEAR - 2] or [CURRENT YEAR - 1]?

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first smoke part or all of a cigarette?

(CG04A, CG04B, CG04C)

CIGYFU Len : 4 YEAR OF FIRST CIGARETTE USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

RANGE = 2017 - 2019 ....................................................................................................... 1087 1.94

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 160 0.29

9989 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned ................................................................ 84 0.15

9991 = NEVER USED CIGARETTES ............................................................................... 30465 54.27

9994 = DON'T KNOW ....................................................................................................... 150 0.27

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 30 0.05

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 79 0.14

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 24081 42.90

TOBACCO

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ....................................................... 5

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first smoke part or all of a cigarette?

In what month in [YEAR FROM CG04a or CG04b] did you first smoke part or all of a cigarette?

(CG04C, CG04D)

CIGMFU Len : 2 MONTH OF FIRST CIGARETTE USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

1 = January.......................................................................................................................... 76 0.14

2 = February ........................................................................................................................ 61 0.11

3 = March............................................................................................................................ 68 0.12

4 = April ............................................................................................................................. 73 0.13

5 = May ............................................................................................................................... 73 0.13

6 = June ............................................................................................................................... 140 0.25

7 = July ............................................................................................................................... 97 0.17

8 = August .......................................................................................................................... 85 0.15

9 = September ..................................................................................................................... 69 0.12

10 = October ....................................................................................................................... 77 0.14

11 = November ................................................................................................................... 88 0.16

12 = December .................................................................................................................... 83 0.15

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 158 0.28

89 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................... 84 0.15

91 = NEVER USED CIGARETTES................................................................................... 30465 54.27

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 243 0.43

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 34 0.06

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 81 0.14

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 24081 42.90

NOTE: This variable incorporates values from the two questions shown below. This variable also incorporates values from two probe questions that

were asked when the respondent answered DON'T KNOW or REFUSED to the second question shown below.

Now think about the past 30 days, that is, from [DATEFILL] up to and including today. During the past 30 days, have you smoked part or all of a

cigarette? How long has it been since you last smoked part or all of a cigarette?

(CG05, CG06, CG06DK, CG06RE)

CIGREC Len : 2 TIME SINCE LAST SMOKED CIGARETTES

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 30 days ................................................................................................. 9223 16.43

2 = More than 30 days ago but within the past 12 mos ....................................................... 2558 4.56

3 = More than 12 months ago but within the past 3 yrs ....................................................... 2500 4.45

4 = More than 3 years ago ................................................................................................... 11144 19.85

8 = Used at some point in the past 12 mos LOG ASSN ...................................................... 5 0.01

9 = Used at some point in the lifetime LOG ASSN............................................................. 12 0.02

11 = Used in the past 30 days LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................. 5 0.01

14 = Used more than 12 months ago LOG ASSN ............................................................... 100 0.18

19 = Used more than 30 days ago LOG ASSN ................................................................... 58 0.10

29 = Used more than 30 dys ago but in pst 3 yr LOG ASSN .............................................. 66 0.12

91 = NEVER USED CIGARETTES................................................................................... 30465 54.27

During the past 30 days, that is since [DATEFILL], on how many days did you smoke part or all of a cigarette?

(CG07)

CIG30USE Len : 2 HOW MANY DAYS SMOKED CIG IN PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 30 ................................................................................................................. 9142 16.29

91 = NEVER USED CIGARETTES................................................................................... 30465 54.27

93 = DID NOT USE CIGARETTES IN THE PAST 30 DAYS .......................................... 16426 29.26

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 67 0.12

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 14 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 22 0.04

TOBACCO

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ....................................................... 6

What is your best estimate of the number of days you smoked part or all of a cigarette during the past 30 days?

(CG07DKRE)

CG30EST Len : 2 BEST EST. # DAYS SMOKED CIG PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

1 = 1 or 2 days .................................................................................................................... 8 0.01

2 = 3 to 5 days ..................................................................................................................... 12 0.02

3 = 6 to 9 days ..................................................................................................................... 3 0.01

4 = 10 to 19 days ................................................................................................................. 15 0.03

5 = 20 to 29 days ................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

6 = All 30 days .................................................................................................................... 28 0.05

91 = NEVER USED CIGARETTES................................................................................... 30465 54.27

93 = DID NOT USE CIGARETTES IN THE PAST 30 DAYS .......................................... 16426 29.26

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 7 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 5 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 22 0.04

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 9142 16.29

On the [CG07 days / CIGDKRE] you smoked cigarettes during the past 30 days, how many cigarettes did you smoke per day, on average?

(CG08, CG10)

CIG30AV Len : 2 AVG # CIGS SMOKED PER DAY/ON DAY SMOKED

Freq Pct

1 = Less than one cigarette per day ..................................................................................... 1044 1.86

2 = 1 cigarette per day ......................................................................................................... 1131 2.01

3 = 2 to 5 cigarettes per day ................................................................................................ 2513 4.48

4 = 6 to 15 cigarettes per day (about 1/2 pack).................................................................... 2450 4.36

5 = 16 to 25 cigarettes per day (about 1 pack) ..................................................................... 1561 2.78

6 = 26 to 35 cigarettes per day (about 1 1/2 packs) ............................................................. 317 0.56

7 = More than 35 cigs per day (abt 2 packs or more) .......................................................... 184 0.33

91 = NEVER USED CIGARETTES................................................................................... 30465 54.27

93 = DID NOT USE CIGARETTES IN THE PAST 30 DAYS .......................................... 16426 29.26

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 8 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 8 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 29 0.05

TOBACCO

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ....................................................... 7

NOTE: The tobacco brand that respondents confirmed using most often in the past 30 days was recorded in the final 30-day brand variable for the

type of tobacco.

(CG11, CG11A, CG12S11, CG12S21, CG12S31, RCG11, RCG11A, RRCG11, RRCG11A)

CIG30BR2 Len : 4 CIG BRAND USED MOST OFTEN PAST MO - RECODE

Freq Pct

101 = Basic ......................................................................................................................... 66 0.12

102 = Benson & Hedges ..................................................................................................... 15 0.03

104 = Camel ........................................................................................................................ 1052 1.87

105 = Capri ......................................................................................................................... 19 0.03

107 = Doral ......................................................................................................................... 23 0.04

109 = GPC .......................................................................................................................... 15 0.03

110 = Kent .......................................................................................................................... 4 0.01

111 = Kool .......................................................................................................................... 164 0.29

112 = Marlboro ................................................................................................................... 3683 6.56

113 = Merit ......................................................................................................................... 6 0.01

114 = Misty ......................................................................................................................... 19 0.03

115 = Monarch .................................................................................................................... 7 0.01

116 = Montclair .................................................................................................................. 13 0.02

118 = Newport .................................................................................................................... 1632 2.91

119 = Pall Mall ................................................................................................................... 356 0.63

120 = Parliament ................................................................................................................. 65 0.12

121 = Private Label ............................................................................................................. 3 0.01

122 = Salem ........................................................................................................................ 34 0.06

125 = Virginia Slims ........................................................................................................... 36 0.06

126 = Winston..................................................................................................................... 82 0.15

128 = Barclay ...................................................................................................................... 4 0.01

130 = Best Value................................................................................................................. 7 0.01

132 = Bugler (roll-your-own) .............................................................................................. 30 0.05

141 = L & M ....................................................................................................................... 216 0.38

142 = Lucky Strike ............................................................................................................. 4 0.01

144 = Maverick ................................................................................................................... 57 0.10

147 = Old Gold ................................................................................................................... 6 0.01

149 = Pyramid..................................................................................................................... 53 0.09

158 = Top (roll-your-own) .................................................................................................. 64 0.11

160 = True .......................................................................................................................... 3 0.01

161 = American Spirit ......................................................................................................... 548 0.98

175 = Djarum cigarettes, Djarum Splash ............................................................................ 18 0.03

178 = Dunhill cigarettes ......................................................................................................

3 0

.01

179 = Eagle ......................................................................................................................... 100 0.18

183 = First Class ................................................................................................................. 7 0.01

402 = Backwoods................................................................................................................ 3 0.01

404 = Black & Mild ............................................................................................................ 48 0.09

423 = Swisher Sweets ......................................................................................................... 17 0.03

492 = Prime Time Little Cigars........................................................................................... 7 0.01

527 = Dark Horse pipe tobacco ........................................................................................... 3 0.01

810 = Electronic/smokeless cigarette; otherwise unspcfd ................................................... 4 0.01

832 = JUUL ........................................................................................................................ 13 0.02

1001 = Nat Sherman cigarettes ........................................................................................... 6 0.01

1008 = Rave cigarettes ........................................................................................................ 4 0.01

1018 = USA Gold ............................................................................................................... 87 0.15

1020 = Waves ..................................................................................................................... 3 0.01

1029 = Tourney ................................................................................................................... 3 0.01

1040 = Smokin Joes cigarettes ............................................................................................ 4 0.01

1041 = Sonoma ................................................................................................................... 25 0.04

1064 = Seneca, cigarette company brand unspcfd ............................................................... 69 0.12

1083 = Liggett Select .......................................................................................................... 10 0.02

1086 = Smoker Friendly cigarettes ..................................................................................... 3 0.01

1092 = Native ..................................................................................................................... 6 0.01

1112 = Kentucky's Best ...................................................................................................... 6 0.01

1139 = 305's cigarettes ........................................................................................................ 28 0.05

1221 = Cheyenne cigarettes ................................................................................................ 8 0.01

1227 = Gambler (roll-your-own)......................................................................................... 12 0.02

1268 = Decade .................................................................................................................... 6 0.01

1276 = Fortuna .................................................................................................................... 8 0.01

1277 = Berley ..................................................................................................................... 8 0.01

1296 = King Mountain ........................................................................................................ 3 0.01

1308 = Peter Stokkebye (roll-your own) ............................................................................. 3 0.01

1313 = Criss cross (roll-your-own) ..................................................................................... 4 0.01

1317 = Complete ................................................................................................................. 5 0.01

1318 = Signal cigarettes ...................................................................................................... 4 0.01

1324 = Kentucky Select (roll-your-own) ............................................................................ 3

.01

1335 = Good stuff (roll-your-own) ..................................................................................... 4 0.01

1344 = Edgefield ................................................................................................................. 9 0.02

1346 = Largo cigarette ........................................................................................................ 4 0.01

TOBACCO

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ....................................................... 8

1349 = Ohm rolling tobacco ............................................................................................... 5 0.01

1359 = Timeless Time ........................................................................................................ 7 0.01

1361 = Time ........................................................................................................................ 12 0.02

1376 = Crown ..................................................................................................................... 4 0.01

1412 = Traffic ..................................................................................................................... 15 0.03

1420 = THIS (Korean) ........................................................................................................ 21 0.04

1421 = L Ducat, LD ............................................................................................................ 6 0.01

1998 = Roll-your-own cigarette; brand unspecified ............................................................ 31 0.06

1999 = Cigarette; brand otherwise unspecified ................................................................... 150 0.27

3999 = Snuff; brand otherwise unspecified ......................................................................... 1 0.00

4455 = Talon ....................................................................................................................... 6 0.01

4999 = Cigar/Cigarillo; brand otherwise unspecified .......................................................... 21 0.04

5999 = Pipe tobacco; brand otherwise unspecified ............................................................. 12 0.02

8999 = Tobacco replacement or tobacco-like product ......................................................... 8 0.01

9000 = Did not confirm after 3 passes thru brand Qs .......................................................... 1 0.00

9991 = NEVER USED CIGARETTES ............................................................................... 30465 54.27

9993 = DID NOT USE CIGARETTES IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ...................................... 16426 29.26

9994 = DON'T KNOW ....................................................................................................... 67 0.12

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 12 0.02

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 22 0.04

NOTE: The variable CIG30TPE corresponds to the variable CIG30TYP that existed prior to 2005. The name was changed due to the addition of a

new level in 2005 for "Mediums." For this reason, data from CIG30TPE may not be comparable with data from CIG30TYP in prior years.

During the past 30 days, what type of cigarettes did you smoke most often?

(CGTAR1, CGTAR2)

CIG30TPE Len : 2 WHAT TYPE OF CIG SMOKED MOST PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

1 = Lights ............................................................................................................................ 2859 5.09

2 = Ultra Lights ................................................................................................................... 450 0.80

3 = Mediums ....................................................................................................................... 1105 1.97

4 = Full Flavor .................................................................................................................... 4564 8.13

91 = NEVER USED CIGARETTES................................................................................... 30465 54.27

93 = DID NOT USE CIGARETTES IN THE PAST 30 DAYS .......................................... 16426 29.26

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 133 0.24

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 13 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 121 0.22

NOTE: Prior to 2004, the question corresponding to CIG30MEN asked whether respondents smoked menthol or regular cigarettes most often. In

2004, the question was changed to the yes/no question shown below, but the variable name stayed as CIG30MEN. This change in question content

does not affect trend comparisons for 2004 onward. However, data in CIG30MEN for 2004 onward are not likely to be comparable with data in

CIG30MEN for 2002 and 2003.

Were the cigarettes you smoked during the past 30 days menthol?

(CGMENTH1, CGMENTH2)

CIG30MEN Len : 2 MENTHOL OR REG CIG SMOKED MOST PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 4026 7.17

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 5043 8.98

91 = NEVER USED CIGARETTES................................................................................... 30465 54.27

93 = DID NOT USE CIGARETTES IN THE PAST 30 DAYS .......................................... 16426 29.26

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 52 0.09

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 121 0.22

TOBACCO

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ....................................................... 9

What length were the Marlboro cigarettes you smoked most often during the past 30 days? Were they shorts, regulars (also known as king-sized), or

100s?

(CGLNTH)

CIG30MLN Len : 2 MARLBORO CIG SMOKED PAST 30 DAYS SHORT, REG, 100'S

Freq Pct

1 = Shorts ............................................................................................................................ 1561 2.78

2 = Regulars or king-sized .................................................................................................. 1029 1.83

3 = 100s .............................................................................................................................. 1061 1.89

91 = NEVER USED CIGARETTES................................................................................... 30465 54.27

93 = DID NOT USE CIGARETTES IN THE PAST 30 DAYS .......................................... 16426 29.26

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 14 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 120 0.21

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 5460 9.73

During the past 30 days, that is since DATEFILL, have you smoked part or all of a roll-your-own tobacco cigarette?

(CG14)

CIG30RO2 Len : 2 HAVE YOU SMOKED ROLL-OWN CIG IN PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 1593 2.84

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 7624 13.58

91 = NEVER USED CIGARETTES................................................................................... 30465 54.27

93 = DID NOT USE CIGARETTES IN THE PAST 30 DAYS .......................................... 16426 29.26

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 4 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 23 0.04

Has there ever been a period in your life when you smoked cigarettes every day for at least 30 days?

(CG15)

CIGDLYMO Len : 2 EVER SMOKED CIG EVERY DAY FOR 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 8307 14.80

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 12477 22.23

5 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED (from skip pattern) ..................................................... 4875 8.68

91 = NEVER USED CIGARETTES................................................................................... 30465 54.27

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 5 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 7 0.01

How old were you when you first started smoking cigarettes every day?

(CG16)

CIGAGE Len : 3 AGE WHEN FIRST STARTED SMOKING CIGARETTES EVERYDAY

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 79 ................................................................................................................. 13082 23.30

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 8 0.01

991 = NEVER USED CIGARETTES ................................................................................. 30465 54.27

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 75 0.13

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 24 0.04

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 5 0.01

999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP (NEVER USED CIGS EVERYDAY) .................................... 12477 22.23

TOBACCO

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 10

Did you first start smoking cigarettes every day in [CURRENT YEAR 1] or [CURRENT YEAR]?

Did you first start smoking cigarettes every day in [CURRENT YEAR - 2] or [CURRENT YEAR - 1]?

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first start smoking cigarettes every day?

(CG16M1, CG16Y1, CG16Y2)

CIGDLYFU Len : 4 YEAR OF FIRST CIGARETTE USE EVERY DAY - RECODE

Freq Pct

RANGE = 2017 - 2019 ....................................................................................................... 320 0.57

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 24 0.04

9989 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned ................................................................ 32 0.06

9991 = NEVER USED CIGARETTES ............................................................................... 30465 54.27

9994 = DON'T KNOW ....................................................................................................... 75 0.13

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 24 0.04

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 11 0.02

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 25185 44.86

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first start smoking cigarettes every day?

In what month in [YEAR FROM CG16y1 or CG16y2] did you first start smoking cigarettes every day?

(CG16M1, CG16M2)

CIGDLMFU Len : 2 MONTH OF FIRST CIGARETTE USE EVERY DAY - RECODE

Freq Pct

1 = January.......................................................................................................................... 27 0.05

2 = February ........................................................................................................................ 20 0.04

3 = March............................................................................................................................ 26 0.05

4 = April ............................................................................................................................. 24 0.04

5 = May ............................................................................................................................... 34 0.06

6 = June ............................................................................................................................... 30 0.05

7 = July ............................................................................................................................... 18 0.03

8 = August .......................................................................................................................... 30 0.05

9 = September ..................................................................................................................... 25 0.04

10 = October ....................................................................................................................... 28 0.05

11 = November ................................................................................................................... 17 0.03

12 = December .................................................................................................................... 23 0.04

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 24 0.04

89 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................... 32 0.06

91 = NEVER USED CIGARETTES................................................................................... 30465 54.27

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 92 0.16

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 25 0.04

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 11 0.02

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 25185 44.86

Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in your entire life?

(CG16A)

CIG100LF Len : 2 HAVE YOU SMOKED 100 CIGS IN YOUR LIFE

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 10556 18.80

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 10933 19.48

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 3 0.01

5 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED (from skip pattern) ..................................................... 4109 7.32

91 = NEVER USED CIGARETTES................................................................................... 30465 54.27

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 62 0.11

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 8 0.01

TOBACCO

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 11

The next questions are about your use of "smokeless" tobacco such as snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus."

Have you ever used "smokeless" tobacco, even once?

(CG25, CGREF3)

SMKLSSEVR Len : 2 EVER USED SMOKELESS TOBACCO

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 8526 15.19

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 47560 84.72

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 44 0.08

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 6 0.01

How old were you the first time you used "smokeless" tobacco?

(CG26)

SMKLSSTRY Len : 3 AGE WHEN FIRST USED SMOKELESS TOBACCO

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 81 ................................................................................................................. 8350 14.87

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 77 0.14

991 = NEVER USED SMOKELESS TOBACCO .............................................................. 47560 84.72

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 87 0.15

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 18 0.03

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 44 0.08

Did you first use "smokeless" tobacco in [CURRENT YEAR - 1] or [CURRENT YEAR]?

Did you first use "smokeless" tobacco in [CURRENT YEAR - 2] or [CURRENT YEAR - 1]?

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first use "smokeless" tobacco?

(CG26A, CG26B, CG26C)

SMKLSSYFU Len : 4 YEAR OF FIRST SMOKELESS TOBACCO USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

RANGE = 2017 - 2019 ....................................................................................................... 593 1.06

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 91 0.16

9989 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned ................................................................ 44 0.08

9991 = NEVER USED SMOKELESS TOBACCO ............................................................ 47560 84.72

9994 = DON'T KNOW ....................................................................................................... 88 0.16

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 19 0.03

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 82 0.15

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 7659 13.64

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first use "smokeless" tobacco?

In what month in [YEAR FROM CG26a or CG26b] did you first use "smokeless" tobacco?

(CG26C, CG26D)

SMKLSSMFU Len : 2 MONTH OF FIRST SMOKELESS TOBACCO USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

1 = January.......................................................................................................................... 48 0.09

2 = February ........................................................................................................................ 36 0.06

3 = March............................................................................................................................ 37 0.07

4 = April ............................................................................................................................. 46 0.08

5 = May ............................................................................................................................... 46 0.08

6 = June ............................................................................................................................... 63 0.11

7 = July ............................................................................................................................... 57 0.10

8 = August .......................................................................................................................... 42 0.07

9 = September ..................................................................................................................... 62 0.11

10 = October ....................................................................................................................... 53 0.09

11 = November ................................................................................................................... 36 0.06

12 = December .................................................................................................................... 30 0.05

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 91 0.16

89 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................... 44 0.08

91 = NEVER USED "smokeless" tobacco .......................................................................... 47560 84.72

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 124 0.22

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 20 0.04

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 82 0.15

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 7659 13.64

TOBACCO

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 12

NOTE: This variable incorporates values from the two questions shown below. This variable also incorporates values from two probe questions that

were asked when the respondent answered DON'T KNOW or REFUSED to the second question shown below.

Now think about the past 30 days -- that is, from [DATEFILL] up to and including today. During the past 30 days, have you used "smokeless"

tobacco, even once?

How long has it been since you last used "smokeless" tobacco?

(CG27, CG28, CG28DK, CG28RE)

SMKLSSREC Len : 2 TIME SINCE LAST USED SMOKELESS TOBACCO

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 30 days ................................................................................................. 2015 3.59

2 = More than 30 days ago but within the past 12 mos ....................................................... 856 1.52

3 = More than 12 months ago but within the past 3 yrs ....................................................... 1090 1.94

4 = More than 3 years ago ................................................................................................... 4435 7.90

8 = Used at some point in the past 12 mos LOG ASSN ...................................................... 3 0.01

9 = Used at some point in the lifetime LOG ASSN............................................................. 8 0.01

14 = Used more than 12 months ago LOG ASSN ............................................................... 51 0.09

19 = Used more than 30 days ago LOG ASSN ................................................................... 37 0.07

29 = Used more than 30 dys ago but in pst 3 yr LOG ASSN .............................................. 31 0.06

91 = NEVER USED SMOKELESS TOBACCO ................................................................ 47560 84.72

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 6 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 44 0.08

During the past 30 days, that is since [DATEFILL], on how many days did you use "smokeless" tobacco?

(CG29)

SMKLSS30N Len : 2 HOW MANY DAYS USED SMOKELESS TOBACCO PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 30 ................................................................................................................. 1996 3.56

91 = NEVER USED SMOKELESS TOBACCO ................................................................ 47560 84.72

93 = DID NOT USE SMOKELESS TOBACCO IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ....................... 6500 11.58

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 15 0.03

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 10 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 55 0.10

What is your best estimate of the number of days you used "smokeless" tobacco during the past 30 days?

(CG29DKRE)

SMKLSS30E Len : 2 BEST EST. HOW MANY DAYS USED SMKLSS TOB PST 30 DYS

Freq Pct

1 = 1 or 2 days .................................................................................................................... 3 0.01

2 = 3 to 5 days ..................................................................................................................... 7 0.01

3 = 6 to 9 days ..................................................................................................................... 2 0.00

4 = 10 to 19 days ................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

5 = 20 to 29 days ................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

6 = All 30 days .................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED SMOKELESS TOBACCO ................................................................ 47560 84.72

93 = DID NOT USE SMOKELESS TOBACCO IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ....................... 6500 11.58

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 3 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 7 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 55 0.10

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 1996 3.56

NOTE: This variable incorporates the value from a probe question that was asked when the respondent answered REFUSED to this question.

The next questions are about smoking cigars. By cigars we mean any kind, including big cigars, cigarillos, and even little cigars that look like

cigarettes.

Have you ever smoked part or all of any type of cigar?

(CG34, CGREF4)

CIGAREVR Len : 2 EVER SMOKED PART OR ALL OF CIGAR

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 15443 27.51

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 40680 72.47

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 9 0.02

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 4 0.01

TOBACCO

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 13

How old were you the first time you smoked part or all of any type of cigar?

(CG35)

CIGARTRY Len : 3 AGE WHEN FIRST SMOKED CIGAR

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 85 ................................................................................................................. 15134 26.96

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 104 0.19

991 = NEVER USED CIGARS .......................................................................................... 40680 72.47

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 189 0.34

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 20 0.04

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 9 0.02

Did you first smoke part or all of a cigar in [CURRENT YEAR - 1] or [CURRENT YEAR]?

Did you first smoke part or all of a cigar in [CURRENT YEAR - 2] or [CURRENT YEAR - 1]?

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first smoke part or all of a cigar?

(CG35A, CG35B, CG35C)

CIGARYFU Len : 4 YEAR OF FIRST CIGAR USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

RANGE = 2017 - 2019 ....................................................................................................... 1203 2.14

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 152 0.27

9989 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned ................................................................ 68 0.12

9991 = NEVER USED CIGARS ........................................................................................ 40680 72.47

9994 = DON'T KNOW ....................................................................................................... 194 0.35

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 20 0.04

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 73 0.13

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 13746 24.49

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first smoke part or all of a cigar?

In what month in [YEAR FROM CG35a or CG35b] did you first smoke part or all of a cigar?

(CG35C, CG35D)

CIGARMFU Len : 2 MONTH OF FIRST CIGAR USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

1 = January.......................................................................................................................... 88 0.16

2 = February ........................................................................................................................ 63 0.11

3 = March............................................................................................................................ 67 0.12

4 = April ............................................................................................................................. 77 0.14

5 = May ............................................................................................................................... 101 0.18

6 = June ............................................................................................................................... 170 0.30

7 = July ............................................................................................................................... 143 0.25

8 = August .......................................................................................................................... 82 0.15

9 = September ..................................................................................................................... 86 0.15

10 = October ....................................................................................................................... 90 0.16

11 = November ................................................................................................................... 81 0.14

12 = December .................................................................................................................... 68 0.12

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 152 0.27

89 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................... 68 0.12

91 = NEVER USED CIGARS ............................................................................................ 40680 72.47

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 274 0.49

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 27 0.05

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 73 0.13

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 13746 24.49

TOBACCO

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 14

NOTE: This variable incorporates values from the two questions shown below. This variable also incorporates values from two probe questions that

were asked when the respondent answered DON'T KNOW or REFUSED to the second question shown below.

Now think about the past 30 days, from [DATEFILL] up to and including today. During the past 30 days, have you smoked part or all of any type

of cigar?

How long has it been since you last smoked part or all of any type of cigar?

(CG36, CG37, CG37DK, CG37RE)

CIGARREC Len : 2 TIME SINCE LAST SMOKED CIGAR

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 30 days ................................................................................................. 2667 4.75

2 = More than 30 days ago but within the past 12 mos ....................................................... 2543 4.53

3 = More than 12 months ago but within the past 3 yrs ....................................................... 2754 4.91

4 = More than 3 years ago ................................................................................................... 7280 12.97

8 = Used at some point in the past 12 mos LOG ASSN ...................................................... 5 0.01

9 = Used at some point in the lifetime LOG ASSN............................................................. 11 0.02

11 = Used in the past 30 days LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................. 1 0.00

14 = Used more than 12 months ago LOG ASSN ............................................................... 72 0.13

19 = Used more than 30 days ago LOG ASSN ................................................................... 35 0.06

29 = Used more than 30 dys ago but in pst 3 yr LOG ASSN .............................................. 70 0.12

39 = Used within the past 3 years LOGICALLY ASSIGNED ............................................ 5 0.01

91 = NEVER USED CIGARS ............................................................................................ 40680 72.47

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 4 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 9 0.02

During the past 30 days, that is since [DATEFILL], on how many days did you smoke part or all of a cigar?

(CG38)

CGR30USE Len : 2 HOW MANY DAYS SMOKED CIGAR IN PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 30 ................................................................................................................. 2638 4.70

91 = NEVER USED CIGARS ............................................................................................ 40680 72.47

93 = DID NOT USE CIGARS IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ................................................... 12754 22.72

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 25 0.04

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 8 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 31 0.06

What is your best estimate of the number of days you smoked part or all of a cigar during the past 30 days?

(CG38DKRE)

CI30EST Len : 2 BEST EST. # DAYS SMOKED CIGAR PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

1 = 1 or 2 days .................................................................................................................... 10 0.02

2 = 3 to 5 days ..................................................................................................................... 4 0.01

3 = 6 to 9 days ..................................................................................................................... 4 0.01

4 = 10 to 19 days ................................................................................................................. 2 0.00

5 = 20 to 29 days ................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

6 = All 30 days .................................................................................................................... 3 0.01

91 = NEVER USED CIGARS ............................................................................................ 40680 72.47

93 = DID NOT USE CIGARS IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ................................................... 12754 22.72

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 2 0.00

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 7 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 31 0.06

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 2638 4.70

TOBACCO

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 15

NOTE: The tobacco brand that respondents confirmed using most often in the past 30 days was recorded in the final 30-day brand variable for the

type of tobacco.

(CG39, CG40S11, CG40S21, CG40S31, RCG39, RRCG39)

CGR30BR2 Len : 4 CIGAR BRAND USED MOST OFTEN PAST MO - RECODE

Freq Pct

112 = Marlboro ................................................................................................................... 17 0.03

401 = Antonio y Cleopatra .................................................................................................. 10 0.02

402 = Backwoods................................................................................................................ 236 0.42

404 = Black & Mild ............................................................................................................ 635 1.13

405 = Captain Black............................................................................................................ 4 0.01

408 = Dutch Masters ........................................................................................................... 113 0.20

411 = Garcia y Vega ........................................................................................................... 58 0.10

412 = Havatampa ................................................................................................................ 5 0.01

413 = King Edward ............................................................................................................. 7 0.01

414 = La Corona ................................................................................................................. 14 0.02

416 = Macanudos ................................................................................................................ 41 0.07

418 = Partagas..................................................................................................................... 6 0.01

419 = Phillies ...................................................................................................................... 22 0.04

423 = Swisher Sweets ......................................................................................................... 411 0.73

426 = White Owl................................................................................................................. 157 0.28

428 = Winchester ................................................................................................................ 5 0.01

429 = Al Capone ................................................................................................................. 51 0.09

431 = Arturo Fuente ............................................................................................................ 47 0.08

432 = Ashton ...................................................................................................................... 4 0.01

437 = Blackstone ................................................................................................................ 4 0.01

443 = Cohiba cigars ............................................................................................................ 73 0.13

448 = Cuban cigars; brand unspecified ............................................................................... 30 0.05

449 = Cubana; brand unspecified ........................................................................................ 3 0.01

451 = Davidoff cigars ......................................................................................................... 3 0.01

476 = La Gloria Cubana ...................................................................................................... 3 0.01

479 = La Flor Dominicana .................................................................................................. 3 0.01

486 = Montecristo ............................................................................................................... 36 0.06

488 = Optimo ...................................................................................................................... 4 0.01

490 = Padron ....................................................................................................................... 7 0.01

492 = Prime Time Little Cigars........................................................................................... 11 0.02

494 = Punch ........................................................................................................................ 8 0.01

496 = Romeo y Julieta ........................................................................................................ 69 0.12

1999 = Cigarette; brand otherwise unspecified ................................................................... 5 0.01

4018 = Nat Sherman cigars ................................................................................................

. 3 0

.01

4054 = Acid ........................................................................................................................ 30 0.05

4064 = Djarum cigarillos .................................................................................................... 11 0.02

4072 = K. Hansotia Gurhka ................................................................................................ 5 0.01

4110 = Drew Estates ........................................................................................................... 7 0.01

4136 = Markers Mark ......................................................................................................... 3 0.01

4175 = Perdomo .................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

4192 = Smoker's Choice little cigars ................................................................................... 3 0.01

4245 = Oliva O ................................................................................................................... 7 0.01

4265 = Cheyenne little cigars .............................................................................................. 18 0.03

4266 = Java ......................................................................................................................... 4 0.01

4309 = Isla Del Sol ............................................................................................................. 3 0.01

4347 = Game....................................................................................................................... 22 0.04

4357 = NUb ........................................................................................................................ 3 0.01

4361 = Good Times ............................................................................................................ 5 0.01

4367 = Clipper little cigars .................................................................................................. 5 0.01

4391 = Zig Zag cigarillos .................................................................................................... 4 0.01

4454 = Criss Cross cigars.................................................................................................... 3 0.01

4455 = Talon ....................................................................................................................... 13 0.02

4458 = 305's cigars ............................................................................................................. 4 0.01

4476 = Seneca cigar ............................................................................................................ 3 0.01

4484 = Show ....................................................................................................................... 4 0.01

4496 = Jackpot cigars.......................................................................................................... 4 0.01

4513 = My Father ............................................................................................................... 5 0.01

4548 = Fronto King ............................................................................................................. 3 0.01

4999 = Cigar/Cigarillo; brand otherwise unspecified .......................................................... 260 0.46

9991 = NEVER USED CIGARS ........................................................................................ 40680 72.47

9993 = DID NOT USE CIGARS IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ............................................... 12754 22.72

9994 = DON'T KNOW ....................................................................................................... 120 0.21

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 14 0.02

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 31 0.06

TOBACCO

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 16

NOTE: This variable incorporates the value from a probe question that was asked when the respondent answered REFUSED to this question.

These last questions on tobacco products are about using a pipe to smoke tobacco. Have you ever smoked tobacco in a pipe, even once?

(CG42, CGREF5)

PIPEVER Len : 2 EVER SMOKED PIPE TOBACCO

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 4703 8.38

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 51419 91.60

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 11 0.02

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

During the past 30 days, that is since [DATEFILL], have you smoked tobacco in a pipe, even once?

(CG43)

PIPE30DY Len : 2 HAVE YOU SMOKED PIPE TOBACCO IN PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 486 0.87

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 4215 7.51

91 = NEVER USED PIPE TOBACCO ............................................................................... 51419 91.60

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 2 0.00

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 11 0.02

ALCOHOL

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 17

ALCOHOL

These questions are about drinks of alcoholic beverages. Throughout these questions, by a "drink" we mean a can or bottle of beer, a glass of wine

or a wine cooler, a shot of liquor, or a mixed drink with liquor in it. We are not asking about times when you only had a sip or two from a drink.

Have you ever, even once, had a drink of any type of alcoholic beverage? Please do not include times when you only had a sip or two from a drink.

(AL01, ALREF)

ALCEVER Len : 2 EVER HAD DRINK OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 40098 71.43

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 16008 28.52

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 2 0.00

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 19 0.03

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 9 0.02

Think about the first time you had a drink of an alcoholic beverage. How old were you the first time you had a drink of an alcoholic beverage?

Please do not include any time when you only had a sip or two from a drink.

(AL02)

ALCTRY Len : 3 AGE WHEN FIRST DRANK ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 69 ................................................................................................................. 39493 70.35

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 101 0.18

991 = NEVER USED ALCOHOL ...................................................................................... 16008 28.52

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 409 0.73

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 106 0.19

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 19 0.03

Did you first have a drink of an alcoholic beverage in [CURRENT YEAR - 1] or [CURRENT YEAR]?

Did you first have a drink of an alcoholic beverage in [CURRENT YEAR - 2] or [CURRENT YEAR - 1]?

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first have a drink of an alcoholic beverage?

(AL02A, AL02B, AL02C)

ALCYFU Len : 4 YEAR OF FIRST ALCOHOL USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

RANGE = 2017 - 2019 ....................................................................................................... 3319 5.91

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 293 0.52

9989 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned ................................................................ 176 0.31

9991 = NEVER USED ALCOHOL .................................................................................... 16008 28.52

9994 = DON'T KNOW ....................................................................................................... 422 0.75

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 109 0.19

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 28 0.05

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 35781 63.74

ALCOHOL

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 18

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first have a drink of an alcoholic beverage?

In what month in [YEAR FROM AL02a or AL02b] did you first have a drink of an alcoholic beverage?

(AL02C, AL02D)

ALCMFU Len : 2 MONTH OF FIRST ALCOHOL USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

1 = January.......................................................................................................................... 300 0.53

2 = February ........................................................................................................................ 158 0.28

3 = March............................................................................................................................ 206 0.37

4 = April ............................................................................................................................. 195 0.35

5 = May ............................................................................................................................... 262 0.47

6 = June ............................................................................................................................... 392 0.70

7 = July ............................................................................................................................... 382 0.68

8 = August .......................................................................................................................... 234 0.42

9 = September ..................................................................................................................... 227 0.40

10 = October ....................................................................................................................... 231 0.41

11 = November ................................................................................................................... 222 0.40

12 = December .................................................................................................................... 311 0.55

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 293 0.52

89 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................... 176 0.31

91 = NEVER USED ALCOHOL ........................................................................................ 16008 28.52

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 615 1.10

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 115 0.20

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 28 0.05

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 35781 63.74

How long has it been since you last drank an alcoholic beverage?

(ALLAST3, ALRECDK, ALRECRE)

ALCREC Len : 2 TIME SINCE LAST DRANK ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 30 days ................................................................................................. 24998 44.53

2 = More than 30 days ago but within the past 12 mos ....................................................... 8200 14.61

3 = More than 12 months ago ............................................................................................. 6241 11.12

8 = Used at some point in the past 12 mos LOG ASSN ...................................................... 378 0.67

9 = Used at some point in the lifetime LOG ASSN............................................................. 272 0.48

11 = Used in the past 30 days LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................. 9 0.02

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 2 0.00

91 = NEVER USED ALCOHOL ........................................................................................ 16008 28.52

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 9 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 19 0.03

(TOTDRINK)

ALCYRTOT Len : 3 TOTAL # OF DAYS USED ALCOHOL IN PAST 12 MOS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 365 ............................................................................................................... 33130 59.02

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 117 0.21

991 = NEVER USED ALCOHOL ...................................................................................... 16008 28.52

993 = DID NOT USE ALCOHOL IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................................... 6241 11.12

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 266 0.47

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 84 0.15

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 290 0.52

ALTOTFG Len : 2 TRIMMING INDICATOR FOR ALCYRTOT

Freq Pct

1 = Trimmed to 365 days (no further editing) ..................................................................... 9 0.02

2 = Trimmed relative to the 30-day freq ............................................................................. 389 0.69

3 = Trimmed relative to estimated 30-day freq ................................................................... 1 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 55737 99.29

ALFQFLG Len : 2 TRIMMED ALCYRTOT IF R USED < 12 MOS

Freq Pct

1 = Trimmed to be consistent with mo/yr of 1st use ........................................................... 601 1.07

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 55535 98.93

ALCOHOL

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 19

Now think about the past 12 months, from [DATEFILL] through today. We want to know how many days you've had a drink of an alcoholic

beverage during the past 12 months.

What would be the easiest way for you to tell us how many days you drank alcoholic beverages?

(ALFRAME3)

ALBSTWAY Len : 2 EASIEST WAY TO TELL US # DAYS DRANK ALCOHOL

Freq Pct

1 = Prefer to answer in days per week ................................................................................. 11366 20.25

2 = Prefer to answer in days per month ............................................................................... 11769 20.97

3 = Prefer to answer in days per year .................................................................................. 9729 17.33

11 = Prefer to ans in days per wk LOG ASSN .................................................................... 53 0.09

12 = Prefer to ans in days per mo LOG ASSN .................................................................... 102 0.18

13 = Prefer to ans in days per yr LOG ASSN ..................................................................... 331 0.59

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 116 0.21

91 = NEVER USED ALCOHOL ........................................................................................ 16008 28.52

93 = DID NOT USE ALCOHOL IN THE PAST 12 MOS ................................................. 6241 11.12

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 90 0.16

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 41 0.07

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 290 0.52

On how many days in the past 12 months did you drink an alcoholic beverage?

(ALYRAVE)

ALDAYPYR Len : 3 NUMBER DAYS DRANK ALCOHOL IN PAST 12 MOS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 366 ............................................................................................................... 10031 17.87

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 54 0.10

989 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................. 166 0.30

991 = NEVER USED ALCOHOL ...................................................................................... 16008 28.52

993 = DID NOT USE ALCOHOL IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................................... 6241 11.12

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 119 0.21

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 41 0.07

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 352 0.63

999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................. 23124 41.19

On average, how many days did you drink an alcoholic beverage each month during the past 12 months?

(ALMONAVE)

ALDAYPMO Len : 2 # DAYS PER MONTH DRANK ALCOHOL IN PAST 12 MOS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 31 ................................................................................................................. 11792 21.01

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 36 0.06

89 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................... 56 0.10

91 = NEVER USED ALCOHOL ........................................................................................ 16008 28.52

93 = DID NOT USE ALCOHOL IN THE PAST 12 MOS ................................................. 6241 11.12

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 185 0.33

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 52 0.09

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 372 0.66

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 21394 38.11

On average, how many days did you drink an alcoholic beverage each week during the past 12 months?

(ALWKAVE)

ALDAYPWK Len : 2 # DAYS PER WEEK DRANK ALCOHOL IN PAST 12 MOS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 7 ................................................................................................................... 11308 20.14

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 27 0.05

91 = NEVER USED ALCOHOL ........................................................................................ 16008 28.52

93 = DID NOT USE ALCOHOL IN THE PAST 12 MOS ................................................. 6241 11.12

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 264 0.47

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 84 0.15

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 382 0.68

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 21822 38.87

ALCOHOL

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 20

Think specifically about the past 30 days, from [DATEFILL], up to and including today. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you drink

one or more drinks of an alcoholic beverage?

(AL06)

ALCDAYS Len : 2 # DAYS HAD ONE OR MORE DRINKS PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 30 ................................................................................................................. 24669 43.95

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 479 0.85

91 = NEVER USED ALCOHOL ........................................................................................ 16008 28.52

93 = DID NOT USE ALCOHOL IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ............................................... 14441 25.73

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 125 0.22

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 46 0.08

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 368 0.66

What is your best estimate of the number of days you drank alcohol during the past 30 days?

(AL06DKRE)

AL30EST Len : 2 BEST ESTIMATE # DAYS HAD ONE OR MORE DRINKS

Freq Pct

1 = 1 or 2 days .................................................................................................................... 66 0.12

2 = 3 to 5 days ..................................................................................................................... 28 0.05

3 = 6 to 9 days ..................................................................................................................... 20 0.04

4 = 10 to 19 days ................................................................................................................. 19 0.03

5 = 20 to 29 days ................................................................................................................. 8 0.01

6 = All 30 days .................................................................................................................... 3 0.01

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED ALCOHOL ........................................................................................ 16008 28.52

93 = DID NOT USE ALCOHOL IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ............................................... 14441 25.73

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 13 0.02

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 18 0.03

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 851 1.52

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 24660 43.93

ALDYSFG Len : 2 REVISION INDICATOR FOR ALCDAYS

Freq Pct

1 = Edited for consistency with ALCYRTOT or ALCBNG30D ......................................... 17 0.03

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 56119 99.97

NOTE: Beginning in 2015, level 975 was updated to "AT LEAST 4 or 5 Logically assigned" to reflect the change in the threshold for binge alcohol

use among female respondents from 5 or more drinks on an occasion prior to 2015 to 4 or more drinks on an occasion in 2015. See the note below

for ALCBNG30D.

On the ALC30DAY/ALCESTFL days that you drank during the past 30 days, how many drinks did you usually have? Count as a drink a can or

bottle of beer; a wine cooler or a glass of wine, champagne, or sherry; a shot of liquor or a mixed drink or cocktail.

(AL07)

ALCUS30D Len : 3 USUAL # OF DRINKS PER DAY PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 85 ................................................................................................................. 23564 41.98

975 = AT LEAST 4 OR 5 Logically assigned ..................................................................... 1079 1.92

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 213 0.38

991 = NEVER USED ALCOHOL ...................................................................................... 16008 28.52

993 = DID NOT USE ALCOHOL IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ............................................. 14441 25.73

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 97 0.17

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 56 0.10

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 678 1.21

ALCOHOL

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 21

NOTE: Beginning in 2015, female respondents were asked ALCBNG30D to report the number of days that they had 4 or more drinks on the same

occasion in the past 30 days. As in prior years, male respondents in 2015 were asked for ALCBNG30D to report the number of days that they had 5

or more drinks on the same occasion in the past 30 days.

During the past 30 days, that is since [DATEFILL], on how many days did you have [4 or more]/[5 or more] drinks on the same occasion? By

"occasion," we mean at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other.

(AL08)

ALCBNG30D Len : 2 # DAYS HAD FOUR/FIVE OR MORE DRINKS PAST 30 DYS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 0 - 30 ................................................................................................................. 24475 43.60

80 = NO OCCAS OF 4+ or 5+ DRINKS PST 30 DAYS Log assn .................................... 39 0.07

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 213 0.38

91 = NEVER USED ALCOHOL ........................................................................................ 16008 28.52

93 = DID NOT USE ALCOHOL IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ............................................... 14441 25.73

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 203 0.36

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 79 0.14

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 678 1.21

MARIJUANA

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 22

MARIJUANA

The next questions are about marijuana and hashish. Marijuana is also called pot or grass. Marijuana is usually smoked, either in cigarettes, called

joints, or in a pipe. It is sometimes cooked in food. Hashish is a form of marijuana that is also called "hash." It is usually smoked in a pipe. Another

form of hashish is hash oil.

Have you ever, even once, used marijuana or hashish?

(MJ01, MJREF)

MJEVER Len : 2 EVER USED MARIJUANA/HASHISH

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 24785 44.15

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 31312 55.78

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 22 0.04

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 17 0.03

How old were you the first time you used marijuana or hashish?

(MJ02)

MJAGE Len : 3 AGE WHEN FIRST USED MARIJUANA/HASHISH

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 82 ................................................................................................................. 24559 43.75

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 68 0.12

991 = NEVER USED MARIJUANA ................................................................................. 31312 55.78

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 112 0.20

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 63 0.11

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 22 0.04

Did you first use marijuana or hashish in [CURRENT YEAR - 1] or [CURRENT YEAR]?

Did you first use marijuana or hashish in [CURRENT YEAR - 2] or [CURRENT YEAR - 1]?

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first use marijuana or hashish?

(MJ03A, MJ03B, MJ03C)

MJYFU Len : 4 YEAR OF FIRST MARIJUANA/HASHISH USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

RANGE = 2017 - 2019 ....................................................................................................... 2026 3.61

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 207 0.37

9989 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned ................................................................ 138 0.25

9991 = NEVER USED MARIJUANA................................................................................ 31312 55.78

9994 = DON'T KNOW ....................................................................................................... 118 0.21

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 66 0.12

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 29 0.05

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 22240 39.62

MARIJUANA

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 23

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first use marijuana or hashish?

In what month in [YEAR FROM MJ03a or MJ03b] did you first use marijuana or hashish?

(MJ03C, MJ03D)

MJMFU Len : 2 MONTH OF FIRST MARIJUANA/HASHISH USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

1 = January.......................................................................................................................... 172 0.31

2 = February ........................................................................................................................ 115 0.20

3 = March............................................................................................................................ 136 0.24

4 = April ............................................................................................................................. 141 0.25

5 = May ............................................................................................................................... 158 0.28

6 = June ............................................................................................................................... 221 0.39

7 = July ............................................................................................................................... 207 0.37

8 = August .......................................................................................................................... 156 0.28

9 = September ..................................................................................................................... 148 0.26

10 = October ....................................................................................................................... 164 0.29

11 = November ................................................................................................................... 132 0.24

12 = December .................................................................................................................... 137 0.24

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 206 0.37

89 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................... 138 0.25

91 = NEVER USED MARIJUANA ................................................................................... 31312 55.78

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 253 0.45

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 70 0.12

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 30 0.05

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 22240 39.62

How long has it been since you last used marijuana or hashish?

(MJLAST3, MJRECDK, MJRECRE)

MJREC Len : 2 TIME SINCE LAST USED MARIJUANA/HASHISH

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 30 days ................................................................................................. 7648 13.62

2 = More than 30 days ago but within the past 12 mos ....................................................... 4192 7.47

3 = More than 12 months ago ............................................................................................. 12521 22.30

8 = Used at some point in the past 12 mos LOG ASSN ...................................................... 200 0.36

9 = Used at some point in the lifetime LOG ASSN............................................................. 220 0.39

11 = Used in the past 30 days LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................. 4 0.01

91 = NEVER USED MARIJUANA ................................................................................... 31312 55.78

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 17 0.03

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 22 0.04

(TOTMJ)

MJYRTOT Len : 3 TOTAL # OF DAYS USED MARIJUANA IN PAST 12 MOS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 365 ............................................................................................................... 11738 20.91

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 133 0.24

991 = NEVER USED MARIJUANA ................................................................................. 31312 55.78

993 = DID NOT USE MARIJUANA IN THE PAST 12 MOS ........................................... 12521 22.30

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 126 0.22

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 64 0.11

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 242 0.43

MRTOTFG Len : 2 TRIMMING INDICATOR FOR MJYRTOT

Freq Pct

1 = Trimmed to 365 days (no further editing) ..................................................................... 15 0.03

2 = Trimmed relative to the 30-day freq ............................................................................. 416 0.74

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 55705 99.23

MJFQFLG Len : 2 TRIMMED MJYRTOT IF R USED < 12 MOS

Freq Pct

1 = Trimmed to be consistent with mo/yr of 1st use ........................................................... 440 0.78

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 55696 99.22

MARIJUANA

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 24

Now think about the past 12 months, from [DATEFILL] through today. We want to know how many days you've used marijuana or hashish during

the past 12 months.

What would be the easiest way for you to tell us how many days you've used it?

(MJFRAME3)

MRBSTWAY Len : 2 EASIEST WAY TO TELL US # DAYS USED MARIJUANA/HASH

Freq Pct

1 = Prefer to answer in days per week ................................................................................. 4611 8.21

2 = Prefer to answer in days per month ............................................................................... 2805 5.00

3 = Prefer to answer in days per year .................................................................................. 4336 7.72

11 = Prefer to ans in days per wk LOG ASSN .................................................................... 24 0.04

12 = Prefer to ans in days per mo LOG ASSN .................................................................... 21 0.04

13 = Prefer to ans in days per yr LOG ASSN ..................................................................... 79 0.14

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 132 0.24

91 = NEVER USED MARIJUANA ................................................................................... 31312 55.78

93 = DID NOT USE MARIJUANA IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................................. 12521 22.30

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 26 0.05

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 27 0.05

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 242 0.43

On how many days in the past 12 months did you use marijuana or hashish?

(MJYRAVE)

MRDAYPYR Len : 3 # DAYS USED MARIJUANA/HASHISH PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 366 ............................................................................................................... 4390 7.82

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 22 0.04

989 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................. 47 0.08

991 = NEVER USED MARIJUANA ................................................................................. 31312 55.78

993 = DID NOT USE MARIJUANA IN THE PAST 12 MOS ........................................... 12521 22.30

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 50 0.09

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 28 0.05

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 352 0.63

999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................. 7414 13.21

On average, how many days did you use marijuana or hashish each month during the past 12 months?

(MJMONAVE)

MRDAYPMO Len : 2 # DAYS PER MO USED MARIJUANA/HASHISH PAST 12 MOS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 31 ................................................................................................................. 2794 4.98

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 50 0.09

89 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................... 24 0.04

91 = NEVER USED MARIJUANA ................................................................................... 31312 55.78

93 = DID NOT USE MARIJUANA IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................................. 12521 22.30

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 66 0.12

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 42 0.07

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 326 0.58

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 9001 16.03

On average, how many days did you use marijuana or hashish each week during the past 12 months?

(MJWKAVE)

MRDAYPWK Len : 2 # DAYS PER WEEK USED MARIJUANA/HASHISH PAST 12 MOS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 7 ................................................................................................................... 4554 8.11

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 61 0.11

91 = NEVER USED MARIJUANA ................................................................................... 31312 55.78

93 = DID NOT USE MARIJUANA IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................................. 12521 22.30

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 125 0.22

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 64 0.11

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 315 0.56

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 7184 12.80

MARIJUANA

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 25

Think specifically about the past 30 days, from [DATEFILL] up to and including today. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you use

marijuana or hashish?

(MJ06)

MJDAY30A Len : 2 # DAYS USED MARIJUANA/HASHISH PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 30 ................................................................................................................. 7562 13.47

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 82 0.15

91 = NEVER USED MARIJUANA ................................................................................... 31312 55.78

93 = DID NOT USE MARIJUANA IN THE PAST 30 DAYS .......................................... 16713 29.77

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 61 0.11

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 42 0.07

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 364 0.65

What is your best estimate of the number of days you used marijuana or hashish during the past 30 days?

(MJ06DKRE)

MR30EST Len : 2 BEST EST. # DAYS USED MARIJUANA PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

1 = 1 or 2 days .................................................................................................................... 7 0.01

2 = 3 to 5 days ..................................................................................................................... 11 0.02

3 = 6 to 9 days ..................................................................................................................... 13 0.02

4 = 10 to 19 days ................................................................................................................. 18 0.03

5 = 20 to 29 days ................................................................................................................. 6 0.01

6 = All 30 days .................................................................................................................... 16 0.03

91 = NEVER USED MARIJUANA ................................................................................... 31312 55.78

93 = DID NOT USE MARIJUANA IN THE PAST 30 DAYS .......................................... 16713 29.77

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 6 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 27 0.05

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 446 0.79

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 7561 13.47

COCAINE

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 26

COCAINE

These questions are about cocaine, including all the different forms of cocaine such as powder, "crack," free base, and coca paste.

Have you ever, even once, used any form of cocaine?

(CC01, CCREF)

COCEVER Len : 2 EVER USED COCAINE

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 6612 11.78

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 49502 88.18

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 11 0.02

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 11 0.02

How old were you the first time you used cocaine, in any form?

(CC02)

COCAGE Len : 3 AGE WHEN FIRST USED COCAINE

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 72 ................................................................................................................. 6553 11.67

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 13 0.02

991 = NEVER USED COCAINE ....................................................................................... 49502 88.18

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 36 0.06

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 21 0.04

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 11 0.02

Did you first use cocaine in any form in [CURRENT YEAR - 1] or [CURRENT YEAR]?

Did you first use cocaine in any form in [CURRENT YEAR - 2] or [CURRENT YEAR - 1]?

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first use cocaine in any form?

(CC03A, CC03B, CC03C)

COCYFU Len : 4 YEAR OF FIRST COCAINE USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

RANGE = 2017 - 2019 ....................................................................................................... 411 0.73

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 45 0.08

9989 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned ................................................................ 48 0.09

9991 = NEVER USED COCAINE ..................................................................................... 49502 88.18

9994 = DON'T KNOW ....................................................................................................... 37 0.07

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 24 0.04

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 11 0.02

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 6058 10.79

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first use cocaine in any form?

In what month in [YEAR FROM CC03a or CC03b] did you first use cocaine?

(CC03C, CC03D)

COCMFU Len : 2 MONTH OF FIRST COCAINE USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

1 = January.......................................................................................................................... 47 0.08

2 = February ........................................................................................................................ 25 0.04

3 = March............................................................................................................................ 43 0.08

4 = April ............................................................................................................................. 26 0.05

5 = May ............................................................................................................................... 31 0.06

6 = June ............................................................................................................................... 32 0.06

7 = July ............................................................................................................................... 37 0.07

8 = August .......................................................................................................................... 38 0.07

9 = September ..................................................................................................................... 26 0.05

10 = October ....................................................................................................................... 39 0.07

11 = November ................................................................................................................... 19 0.03

12 = December .................................................................................................................... 30 0.05

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 45 0.08

89 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................... 48 0.09

91 = NEVER USED COCAINE ......................................................................................... 49502 88.18

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 53 0.09

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 26 0.05

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 11 0.02

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 6058 10.79

COCAINE

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 27

How long has it been since you last used cocaine?

(CCLAST3, CCRECDK, CCRECRE)

COCREC Len : 2 TIME SINCE LAST USED COCAINE

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 30 days ................................................................................................. 433 0.77

2 = More than 30 days ago but within the past 12 mos ....................................................... 825 1.47

3 = More than 12 months ago ............................................................................................. 5241 9.34

8 = Used at some point in the past 12 mos LOG ASSN ...................................................... 27 0.05

9 = Used at some point in the lifetime LOG ASSN............................................................. 59 0.11

11 = Used in the past 30 days LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................. 16 0.03

12 = Used >30 days ago but within pst 12 mos LOG ASSN ............................................... 11 0.02

91 = NEVER USED COCAINE ......................................................................................... 49502 88.18

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 11 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 11 0.02

(TOTCOKE)

COCYRTOT Len : 3 TOTAL # OF DAYS USED COCAINE IN PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 360 ............................................................................................................... 1281 2.28

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 9 0.02

991 = NEVER USED COCAINE ....................................................................................... 49502 88.18

993 = DID NOT USE COCAINE IN THE PAST 12 MOS ................................................ 5241 9.34

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 2 0.00

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 14 0.02

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 87 0.15

CCTOTFG Len : 2 TRIMMING INDICATOR FOR COCYRTOT

Freq Pct

1 = Trimmed to 365 days (no further editing) ..................................................................... 1 0.00

2 = Trimmed relative to the 30-day freq ............................................................................. 5 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 56130 99.99

CCFQFLG Len : 2 TRIMMED COCYRTOT IF R USED < 12 MOS

Freq Pct

1 = Trimmed to be consistent with mo/yr of 1st use ........................................................... 51 0.09

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 56085 99.91

Now think about the past 12 months, from [DATEFILL] through today. We want to know how many days you've used cocaine during the past 12

months.

What would be the easiest way for you to tell us how many days you've used it?

(CCFRAME3)

CCBSTWAY Len : 2 EASIEST WAY TO TELL US # DAYS USED COCAINE

Freq Pct

1 = Prefer to answer in days per week ................................................................................. 169 0.30

2 = Prefer to answer in days per month ............................................................................... 251 0.45

3 = Prefer to answer in days per year .................................................................................. 812 1.45

11 = Prefer to ans in days per wk LOG ASSN .................................................................... 2 0.00

12 = Prefer to ans in days per mo LOG ASSN .................................................................... 1 0.00

13 = Prefer to ans in days per yr LOG ASSN ..................................................................... 11 0.02

21 = Prefer to ans in days per wk (CRBSTWAY=1,11)...................................................... 19 0.03

22 = Prefer to ans in days per mo (CRBSTWAY=2,12) ..................................................... 14 0.02

23 = Prefer to ans in days per yr (CRBSTWAY=3,13) ....................................................... 7 0.01

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 9 0.02

91 = NEVER USED COCAINE ......................................................................................... 49502 88.18

93 = DID NOT USE COCAINE IN THE PAST 12 MOS .................................................. 5241 9.34

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 11 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 87 0.15

COCAINE

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 28

On how many days in the past 12 months did you use cocaine?

(CCYRAVE)

CCDAYPYR Len : 3 # DAYS USED COCAINE PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 255 ............................................................................................................... 828 1.47

989 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................. 13 0.02

991 = NEVER USED COCAINE ....................................................................................... 49502 88.18

993 = DID NOT USE COCAINE IN THE PAST 12 MOS ................................................ 5241 9.34

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 13 0.02

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 96 0.17

999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................. 443 0.79

On average, how many days did you use cocaine each month during the past 12 months?

(CCMONAVE)

CCDAYPMO Len : 2 # DAYS PER MONTH USED COCAINE PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 31 ................................................................................................................. 264 0.47

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 5 0.01

89 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................... 4 0.01

91 = NEVER USED COCAINE ......................................................................................... 49502 88.18

93 = DID NOT USE COCAINE IN THE PAST 12 MOS .................................................. 5241 9.34

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 2 0.00

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 13 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 91 0.16

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 1014 1.81

On average, how many days did you use cocaine each week during the past 12 months?

(CCWKAVE)

CCDAYPWK Len : 2 # DAYS PER WEEK USED COCAINE PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 7 ................................................................................................................... 189 0.34

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 4 0.01

91 = NEVER USED COCAINE ......................................................................................... 49502 88.18

93 = DID NOT USE COCAINE IN THE PAST 12 MOS .................................................. 5241 9.34

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 2 0.00

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 14 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 92 0.16

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 1092 1.95

Think specifically about the past 30 days, from [DATEFILL] up to and including today. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you use

cocaine?

(CC06)

COCUS30A Len : 2 # DAYS USED COCAINE PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 30 ................................................................................................................. 431 0.77

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 15 0.03

91 = NEVER USED COCAINE ......................................................................................... 49502 88.18

93 = DID NOT USE COCAINE IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ................................................ 6077 10.83

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 1 0.00

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 12 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 98 0.17

What is your best estimate of the number of days you used cocaine during the past 30 days?

(CC06DKRE)

CC30EST Len : 2 BEST ESTIMATE # DAYS USED COCAINE PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

1 = 1 or 2 days .................................................................................................................... 2 0.00

91 = NEVER USED COCAINE ......................................................................................... 49502 88.18

93 = DID NOT USE COCAINE IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ................................................ 6077 10.83

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 12 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 113 0.20

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 430 0.77

CRACK

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 29

CRACK

The next questions are about 'crack', that is cocaine in rock or chunk form, and not the other forms of cocaine.

Have you ever, even once, used 'crack'?

(CK01, CKREF)

CRKEVER Len : 2 EVER USED CRACK

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 1469 2.62

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 5141 9.16

91 = NEVER USED COCAINE (COCEVER=2) ............................................................... 49502 88.18

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 2 0.00

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 11 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 11 0.02

How old were you the first time you used 'crack'?

(CK02)

CRKAGE Len : 3 AGE WHEN FIRST USED CRACK

Freq Pct

RANGE = 5 - 64 ................................................................................................................. 1460 2.60

991 = NEVER USED CRACK ........................................................................................... 54643 97.34

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 6 0.01

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 14 0.02

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 13 0.02

Did you first use 'crack' in [CURRENT YEAR - 1] or [CURRENT YEAR]?

Did you first use 'crack' in [CURRENT YEAR - 2] or [CURRENT YEAR - 1]?

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first use 'crack'?

(CK03A, CK03B, CK03C)

CRKYFU Len : 4 YEAR OF FIRST CRACK USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

RANGE = 2017 - 2019 ....................................................................................................... 36 0.06

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 8 0.01

9989 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned ................................................................ 6 0.01

9991 = NEVER USED CRACK ......................................................................................... 54643 97.34

9994 = DON'T KNOW ....................................................................................................... 6 0.01

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 14 0.02

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 13 0.02

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 1410 2.51

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first use 'crack'?

In what month in [YEAR FROM CK03a or CK03b] did you first use 'crack'?

(CK03C, CK03D)

CRKMFU Len : 2 MONTH OF FIRST CRACK USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

2 = February ........................................................................................................................ 7 0.01

3 = March............................................................................................................................ 2 0.00

4 = April ............................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

6 = June ............................................................................................................................... 4 0.01

7 = July ............................................................................................................................... 5 0.01

8 = August .......................................................................................................................... 5 0.01

9 = September ..................................................................................................................... 3 0.01

10 = October ....................................................................................................................... 2 0.00

11 = November ................................................................................................................... 2 0.00

12 = December .................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 8 0.01

89 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................... 6 0.01

91 = NEVER USED CRACK ............................................................................................. 54643 97.34

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 8 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 14 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 13 0.02

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 1410 2.51

CRACK

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 30

How long has it been since you last used 'crack'?

(CKLAST3, CKRECDK, CKRECRE)

CRAKREC Len : 2 TIME SINCE LAST USED CRACK

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 30 days ................................................................................................. 70 0.12

2 = More than 30 days ago but within the past 12 mos ....................................................... 71 0.13

3 = More than 12 months ago ............................................................................................. 1315 2.34

8 = Used at some point in the past 12 mos LOG ASSN ...................................................... 3 0.01

9 = Used at some point in the lifetime LOG ASSN............................................................. 10 0.02

91 = NEVER USED CRACK ............................................................................................. 54643 97.34

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 11 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 13 0.02

(TOTCRACK)

CRKYRTOT Len : 3 TOTAL # DAYS USED CRACK IN PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 360 ............................................................................................................... 140 0.25

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 3 0.01

991 = NEVER USED CRACK ........................................................................................... 54643 97.34

993 = DID NOT USE CRACK IN THE PAST 12 MOS .................................................... 1315 2.34

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 11 0.02

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 24 0.04

CRTOTFG Len : 2 TRIMMING INDICATOR FOR CRKYRTOT

Freq Pct

2 = Trimmed relative to the 30-day freq ............................................................................. 8 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 56128 99.99

CRFQFLG Len : 2 TRIMMED CRKYRTOT IF R USED < 12 MOS

Freq Pct

1 = Trimmed to be consistent with mo/yr of 1st use ........................................................... 8 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 56128 99.99

Now think about the past 12 months, from [DATEFILL] through today. We want to know how many days you've used 'crack' during the past 12

months.

What would be the easiest way for you to tell us how many days you've used it?

(CKFRAME3)

CRBSTWAY Len : 2 EASIEST WAY TO TELL US # DAYS USED CRACK

Freq Pct

1 = Prefer to answer in days per week ................................................................................. 49 0.09

2 = Prefer to answer in days per month ............................................................................... 37 0.07

3 = Prefer to answer in days per year .................................................................................. 54 0.10

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 3 0.01

91 = NEVER USED CRACK ............................................................................................. 54643 97.34

93 = DID NOT USE CRACK IN THE PAST 12 MOS ...................................................... 1315 2.34

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 11 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 24 0.04

On how many days in the past 12 months did you use 'crack'?

(CKYRAVE)

CRDAYPYR Len : 3 # DAYS USED CRACK PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 200 ............................................................................................................... 54 0.10

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 1 0.00

991 = NEVER USED CRACK ........................................................................................... 54643 97.34

993 = DID NOT USE CRACK IN THE PAST 12 MOS .................................................... 1315 2.34

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 11 0.02

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 26 0.05

999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................. 86 0.15

CRACK

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 31

On average, how many days did you use 'crack' each month during the past 12 months?

(CKMONAVE)

CRDAYPMO Len : 2 # DAYS PER MONTH USED CRACK PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 31 ................................................................................................................. 37 0.07

91 = NEVER USED CRACK ............................................................................................. 54643 97.34

93 = DID NOT USE CRACK IN THE PAST 12 MOS ...................................................... 1315 2.34

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 11 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 27 0.05

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 103 0.18

On average, how many days did you use 'crack' each week during the past 12 months?

(CKWKAVE)

CRDAYPWK Len : 2 # DAYS PER WEEK USED CRACK PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 7 ................................................................................................................... 49 0.09

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 2 0.00

91 = NEVER USED CRACK ............................................................................................. 54643 97.34

93 = DID NOT USE CRACK IN THE PAST 12 MOS ...................................................... 1315 2.34

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 11 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 25 0.04

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 91 0.16

Think specifically about the past 30 days, from [DATEFILL] up to and including today. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you use

'crack'?

(CK06)

CRKUS30A Len : 2 # DAYS USED CRACK PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 30 ................................................................................................................. 70 0.12

91 = NEVER USED CRACK ............................................................................................. 54643 97.34

93 = DID NOT USE CRACK IN THE PAST 30 DAYS .................................................... 1386 2.47

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 11 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 26 0.05

What is your best estimate of the number of days you used 'crack' during the past 30 days?

(CK06DKRE)

CR30EST Len : 2 BEST ESTIMATE # DAYS USED CRACK PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

91 = NEVER USED CRACK ............................................................................................. 54643 97.34

93 = DID NOT USE CRACK IN THE PAST 30 DAYS .................................................... 1386 2.47

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 11 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 26 0.05

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 70 0.12

HEROIN

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 32

HEROIN

These next questions are about heroin.

Have you ever, even once, used heroin?

(HE01, HEREF)

HEREVER Len : 2 EVER USED HEROIN

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 971 1.73

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 55135 98.22

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 29 0.05

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

How old were you the first time you used heroin?

(HE02)

HERAGE Len : 3 AGE WHEN FIRST USED HEROIN

Freq Pct

RANGE = 2 - 70 ................................................................................................................. 960 1.71

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 4 0.01

991 = NEVER USED HEROIN .......................................................................................... 55135 98.22

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 5 0.01

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 3 0.01

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 29 0.05

Did you first use heroin in [CURRENT YEAR - 1] or [CURRENT YEAR]?

Did you first use heroin in [CURRENT YEAR - 2] or [CURRENT YEAR - 1]?

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first use heroin?

(HE03A, HE03B, HE03C)

HERYFU Len : 4 YEAR OF FIRST HEROIN USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

RANGE = 2017 - 2019 ....................................................................................................... 26 0.05

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 8 0.01

9989 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned ................................................................ 5 0.01

9991 = NEVER USED HEROIN ........................................................................................ 55135 98.22

9994 = DON'T KNOW ....................................................................................................... 5 0.01

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 3 0.01

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 29 0.05

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 925 1.65

HEROIN

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 33

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first use heroin?

In what month in [YEAR FROM HE03a or HE03b] did you first use heroin?

(HE03C, HE03D)

HERMFU Len : 2 MONTH OF FIRST HEROIN USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

1 = January.......................................................................................................................... 2 0.00

2 = February ........................................................................................................................ 1 0.00

3 = March............................................................................................................................ 3 0.01

4 = April ............................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

6 = June ............................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

7 = July ............................................................................................................................... 2 0.00

8 = August .......................................................................................................................... 4 0.01

9 = September ..................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

10 = October ....................................................................................................................... 4 0.01

11 = November ................................................................................................................... 2 0.00

12 = December .................................................................................................................... 3 0.01

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 8 0.01

89 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................... 5 0.01

91 = NEVER USED HEROIN ............................................................................................ 55135 98.22

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 7 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 29 0.05

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 925 1.65

How long has it been since you last used heroin?

(HELAST3, HERECDK, HERECRE)

HERREC Len : 2 TIME SINCE LAST USED HEROIN

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 30 days ................................................................................................. 71 0.13

2 = More than 30 days ago but within the past 12 mos ....................................................... 82 0.15

3 = More than 12 months ago ............................................................................................. 802 1.43

8 = Used at some point in the past 12 mos LOG ASSN ...................................................... 8 0.01

9 = Used at some point in the lifetime LOG ASSN............................................................. 8 0.01

91 = NEVER USED HEROIN ............................................................................................ 55135 98.22

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 29 0.05

(TOTHERO)

HERYRTOT Len : 3 TOTAL # OF DAYS USED HEROIN IN PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 365 ............................................................................................................... 153 0.27

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 7 0.01

991 = NEVER USED HEROIN .......................................................................................... 55135 98.22

993 = DID NOT USE HEROIN IN THE PAST 12 MOS ................................................... 802 1.43

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 2 0.00

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 37 0.07

HRTOTFG Len : 2 TRIMMING INDICATOR FOR HERYRTOT

Freq Pct

2 = Trimmed relative to the 30-day freq ............................................................................. 4 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 56132 99.99

HRFQFLG Len : 2 TRIMMED HERYRTOT IF R USED < 12 MOS

Freq Pct

1 = Trimmed to be consistent with mo/yr of 1st use ........................................................... 2 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 56134 100.0

HEROIN

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 34

Now think about the past 12 months, from [DATEFILL] through today. We want to know how many days you've used heroin during the past 12

months.

What would be the easiest way for you to tell us how many days you've used it?

(HEFRAME3)

HRBSTWAY Len : 2 EASIEST WAY TO TELL US # DAYS USED HEROIN

Freq Pct

1 = Prefer to answer in days per week ................................................................................. 62 0.11

2 = Prefer to answer in days per month ............................................................................... 29 0.05

3 = Prefer to answer in days per year .................................................................................. 60 0.11

11 = Prefer to ans in days per wk LOG ASSN .................................................................... 1 0.00

13 = Prefer to ans in days per yr LOG ASSN ..................................................................... 2 0.00

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 7 0.01

91 = NEVER USED HEROIN ............................................................................................ 55135 98.22

93 = DID NOT USE HEROIN IN THE PAST 12 MOS ..................................................... 802 1.43

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 37 0.07

On how many days in the past 12 months did you use heroin?

(HEYRAVE)

HRDAYPYR Len : 3 # DAYS USED HEROIN PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 365 ............................................................................................................... 62 0.11

989 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................. 1 0.00

991 = NEVER USED HEROIN .......................................................................................... 55135 98.22

993 = DID NOT USE HEROIN IN THE PAST 12 MOS ................................................... 802 1.43

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 1 0.00

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 44 0.08

999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................. 91 0.16

On average, how many days did you use heroin each month during the past 12 months?

(HEMONAVE)

HRDAYPMO Len : 2 # DAYS PER MONTH USED HEROIN PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 30 ................................................................................................................. 29 0.05

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 2 0.00

89 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................... 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED HEROIN ............................................................................................ 55135 98.22

93 = DID NOT USE HEROIN IN THE PAST 12 MOS ..................................................... 802 1.43

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 42 0.07

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 124 0.22

On average, how many days did you use heroin each week during the past 12 months?

(HEWKAVE)

HRDAYPWK Len : 2 # DAYS PER WEEK USED HEROIN PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 7 ................................................................................................................... 62 0.11

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 5 0.01

91 = NEVER USED HEROIN ............................................................................................ 55135 98.22

93 = DID NOT USE HEROIN IN THE PAST 12 MOS ..................................................... 802 1.43

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 2 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 39 0.07

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 91 0.16

HEROIN

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 35

Think specifically about the past 30 days, from [DATEFILL] up to and including today. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you use

heroin?

(HE06)

HER30USE Len : 2 # DAYS USED HEROIN PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 30 ................................................................................................................. 71 0.13

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED HEROIN ............................................................................................ 55135 98.22

93 = DID NOT USE HEROIN IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ................................................... 884 1.57

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 44 0.08

What is your best estimate of the number of days you used heroin during the past 30 days?

(HE06DKRE)

HR30EST Len : 2 BEST EST. # DAYS USED HEROIN PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

91 = NEVER USED HEROIN ............................................................................................ 55135 98.22

93 = DID NOT USE HEROIN IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ................................................... 884 1.57

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 45 0.08

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 71 0.13

HALLUCINOGENS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 36

HALLUCINOGENS

The next questions are about substances called hallucinogens. These drugs often cause people to see or experience things that are not real.

A list of some common hallucinogens is shown below. These and many other substances that people use as hallucinogens are often known by street

names, and we can't list them all. Please take a moment to look at the substances listed below so you know what kind of drugs the next questions

are about.

LSD, also called 'acid'

PCP, also called 'angel dust' or phencyclidine

Peyote

Mescaline

Psilocybin

'Ecstasy' or 'Molly', also called MDMA

Ketamine, also called 'Special K' or 'Super K'

DMT, also called dimethyltryptamine

AMT, also called alpha-methyltryptamine

Foxy, also called 5-MeO-DIPT

Salvia divinorum

Have you ever, even once, used LSD, also called 'acid'?

(LS01A, LSREF1)

LSD Len : 2 EVER USED LSD ("ACID")

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 4910 8.75

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 3462 6.17

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ......................................................................... 47707 84.98

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 51 0.09

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 5 0.01

Have you ever, even once, used PCP, also called 'angel dust' or phencyclidine?

(LS01B, LSREF2)

PCP Len : 2 EVER USED PCP ("ANGEL DUST," PHENCYCLIDINE)

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 728 1.30

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 7638 13.61

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 1 0.00

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ......................................................................... 47707 84.98

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 58 0.10

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

Have you ever, even once, used peyote?

(LS01C)

PEYOTE Len : 2 EVER USED PEYOTE

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 741 1.32

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 7615 13.57

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 1 0.00

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ......................................................................... 47707 84.98

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 67 0.12

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 4 0.01

Have you ever, even once, used mescaline?

(LS01D)

MESC Len : 2 EVER USED MESCALINE

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 814 1.45

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 7528 13.41

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 2 0.00

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ......................................................................... 47707 84.98

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 78 0.14

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 6 0.01

HALLUCINOGENS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 37

Have you ever, even once, used psilocybin, found in mushrooms?

(LS01E)

PSILCY Len : 2 EVER USED PSILOCYBIN (MUSHROOMS)

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 4665 8.31

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 3612 6.43

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 34 0.06

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ......................................................................... 47707 84.98

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 106 0.19

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 11 0.02

Have you ever, even once, used 'Ecstasy' or 'Molly,' also known as MDMA?

(LS01F, LSREF3)

ECSTMOLLY Len : 2 EVER USED 'ECSTASY' OR 'MOLLY' (MDMA)

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 4346 7.74

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 4012 7.15

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 3 0.01

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ......................................................................... 47707 84.98

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 61 0.11

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 6 0.01

Have you ever, even once, used Ketamine, also called 'Special K' or 'Super K'?

(LS01I)

KETMINESK Len : 2 EVER USED KETAMINE

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 772 1.38

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 7574 13.49

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED KETAMINE ...................................................................................... 47707 84.98

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 76 0.14

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 6 0.01

Have you ever, even once, used any of the following:

DMT, also called dimethyltryptamine,

AMT, also called alpha-methyltryptamine, or

Foxy, also called 5-MeO-DIPT?

(LS01J)

DMTAMTFXY Len : 2 EVER USED DMT, AMT, FOXY

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 732 1.30

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 7599 13.54

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 2 0.00

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED DMT, AMT, FOXY........................................................................... 47707 84.98

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 88 0.16

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 7 0.01

Have you ever, even once, used Salvia divinorum?

(LS01K)

SALVIADIV Len : 2 EVER USED SALVIA DIVINORUM

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 1165 2.08

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 7152 12.74

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 1 0.00

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED SALVIA DIVINORUM .................................................................... 47707 84.98

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 102 0.18

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 8 0.01

HALLUCINOGENS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 38

NOTE: HALLUCOTH was assigned a code of 5 (see documentation below) when either of the following occurred: (a) the only hallucinogens that

were used in the respondent's lifetime were LSD, PCP, Ecstasy, ketamine, DMT/AMT/Foxy, or Salvia divinorum but the respondent reported more

recent use of any hallucinogen than was reported for these six hallucinogens; or (b) the only hallucinogens that were used in the respondent's

lifetime were LSD, PCP, Ecstasy but the respondent reported earlier initiation of any hallucinogen than was reported for these three hallucinogens.

Have you ever, even once used any other hallucinogens besides the ones that have been listed?

(LS01H)

HALLUCOTH Len : 2 EVER USED OTHER HALLUCINOGEN

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 583 1.04

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 7712 13.74

5 = Yes (specific hallucinogen unknown) LOG ASSN ....................................................... 56 0.10

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ......................................................................... 47707 84.98

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 67 0.12

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 10 0.02

HALLUCINOGENS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 39

(LS01SC1)

HALLUCOT1 Len : 4 OTHER HALLUCINOGEN - SPECIFY 1

Freq Pct

116 = Methaqualone, Sopor, Quaalude ............................................................................... 1 0.00

124 = Yellow jackets .......................................................................................................... 1 0.00

171 = NyQuil <OTC> ......................................................................................................... 1 0.00

174 = Ambien ..................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

209 = Xanax ........................................................................................................................ 6 0.01

268 = Rohypnol, Flunitrazepam, roche, roofies .................................................................. 1 0.00

319 = Cylert ........................................................................................................................ 1 0.00

322 = Methamphetamine ("ice" or "crank"), Meth .............................................................. 11 0.02

351 = Cathinone, cat, khat, Q'at .......................................................................................... 1 0.00

355 = Crystal meth, crystal methamphetamine ................................................................... 1 0.00

417 = Morphine .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

434 = Vicodin ..................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

501 = Gasoline or lighter fluids........................................................................................... 6 0.01

502 = Spray paints .............................................................................................................. 1 0.00

504 = Shoeshine liquid, glue, or toluene ............................................................................. 2 0.00

506 = Amyl nitrite,"poppers,"locker room odorizer,"rush" ................................................. 3 0.01

508 = Nitrous oxide, "whippits," dentist gas ....................................................................... 10 0.02

510 = OTHER Inhalant, NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED ................................................. 2 0.00

511 = Markers, felt-tip pens, ink pens ................................................................................. 1 0.00

525 = Butane ....................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

592 = Computer air duster, computer cleaner, dust-off ....................................................... 5 0.01

601 = LSD ("acid") ............................................................................................................. 51 0.09

602 = Peyote ....................................................................................................................... 3 0.01

603 = Mescaline .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

604 = Psilocybin (mushrooms), sclerotia, shrooms ............................................................. 49 0.09

605 = PCP ("angel dust," phencyclidine) ............................................................................ 1 0.00

606 = "Ecstasy" (MDMA), X-TC, "X" ............................................................................... 4 0.01

607 = OTHER Hallucinogen, NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED ......................................... 90 0.16

609 = Jimson weed ............................................................................................................. 3 0.01

612 = Happy stick, sherm, sherman, shermstick ................................................................. 1 0.00

614 = MDA, Methylenedioxy amphetamine ....................................................................... 2 0.00

616 = DET, Dimethyltryptamine, DMT .............................................................................. 8 0.01

617 = Morning glory seeds, morning glory tendrils, ricea................................................... 8 0.01

624 = Orange sunshine, sunshine, yellow sunshine............................................................. 1 0.00

625 = Window, window pane, 4-way pane, 4-way .............................................................

1 0

.00

627 = Hawaiian wood rose, Hawaiian Woodrow seeds ...................................................... 3 0.01

636 = DOM, STP ................................................................................................................ 3 0.01

637 = Purple haze ............................................................................................................... 1 0.00

639 = Nutmeg, Mace........................................................................................................... 3 0.01

650 = Datura stramonium, daytura, thorn apple .................................................................. 1 0.00

652 = ALD-52..................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

679 = Hell bells ................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

698 = 2C-B, Bromo mescaline, Nexus ................................................................................ 32 0.06

703 = Opium, otherwise unspecified ................................................................................... 1 0.00

801 = OTHER Drugs, NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED .................................................... 1 0.00

802 = THC, cannabinol, marinol, tetrahydrocannabinol ..................................................... 2 0.00

803 = Marijuana, MarrJane, Mary Jane, MJ, pot, weed ...................................................... 5 0.01

804 = Hashish ..................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

829 = Robitussin DM <OTC> ............................................................................................ 3 0.01

847 = GHB, NSC, gamma hydroxybutyrate........................................................................ 2 0.00

883 = Dextromethorphan hydrobromide <OTC> ................................................................ 12 0.02

900 = Not a drug ................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

1001 = Benadryl, Diphenhydramine <OTC> ...................................................................... 2 0.00

3023 = Adderall .................................................................................................................. 2 0.00

4046 = Oxycodone .............................................................................................................. 1 0.00

5022 = Carbon dioxide, CO2, dry ice hits, CO2 tank .......................................................... 1 0.00

6005 = Sassafras, sassafras tea ............................................................................................ 9 0.02

6029 = DXM ....................................................................................................................... 12 0.02

6043 = Diviner's sage, Salvia divinorum ............................................................................. 2 0.00

6044 = Gel caps, gel tabs .................................................................................................... 1 0.00

6048 = Dex ......................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

6061 = 5-MeO-DMT........................................................................................................... 1 0.00

6074 = LSA ........................................................................................................................ 6 0.01

6077 = San Pedro ................................................................................................................ 1 0.00

6083 = CCC, "Triple C," C3 <OTC> .................................................................................. 2 0.00

6087 = Ibogaine .................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

6102 = Absinthe .................................................................................................................. 2 0.00

6103 = Ayahuasca, Yahe .................................................................................................... 24 0.04

6105 = Alpha-methyltryptamine, AMT, IT-290, 3-IT .........................................................

3 0

.01

6112 = 2C-T-2 .................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

6114 = Molly, not otherwise specified ................................................................................ 7 0.01

6118 = Adrenochrome ........................................................................................................ 1 0.00

HALLUCINOGENS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 40

6121 = Cactus, specifically not peyote ................................................................................ 1 0.00

6126 = 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodophenethylamine, 2C-I .......................................................... 17 0.03

6127 = Skittles .................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

6130 = 5-MeO-DiPT, foxy methoxy ................................................................................... 1 0.00

6132 = Amanita mushrooms, fly agaric, muscimol ............................................................. 1 0.00

6138 = 2C-E, 2-5-Dimethoxy-4-ethyl-phenethylamine ....................................................... 8 0.01

6154 = 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenethylamine, 2C-D ..................................................... 1 0.00

6169 = 2,5-dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine, DOC ........................................................... 2 0.00

6170 = Moonflower/pod, otherwise unspecified ................................................................. 1 0.00

6171 = 4-acetoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 4-AcO-DMT .................................................. 2 0.00

6173 = 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine, DOB ........................................................... 1 0.00

6176 = 3C-Bromo-Dragonfly, DOB-Dragonfly .................................................................. 1 0.00

6185 = 25I-NBOMe, 2C-I-NBOMe, BOM-CI, Cimbi-5 ..................................................... 11 0.02

6192 = 5-MeO-MiPT .......................................................................................................... 1 0.00

6200 = AL-LAD, 6-allyl-6-nor-LSD................................................................................... 1 0.00

6203 = NBOMe; otherwise unspecified .............................................................................. 5 0.01

6208 = 3-MeO-PCP, 3-Methoxyphencyclidine ................................................................... 1 0.00

6213 = Synthetic LSD/acid; otherwise unspecified ............................................................. 1 0.00

6223 = 3-HO-PCP, 3-Hydroxyphencyclidine...................................................................... 1 0.00

6224 = Red canary grass ..................................................................................................... 1 0.00

8012 = Coriciden <OTC> ................................................................................................... 3 0.01

8058 = Cough medicine/syrup, type unspecified ................................................................ 4 0.01

8100 = Kava Kava <OTC> ................................................................................................. 1 0.00

8118 = Smoke/smoking, not otherwise specified ................................................................ 2 0.00

8231 = Tussin medication, no other information ................................................................. 1 0.00

8237 = Kratom .................................................................................................................... 2 0.00

8283 = Synthetic cannabinoids (eg, K2, Spice, JWH-018) ................................................. 23 0.04

8293 = Lean (Promethazine w/codeine mixed w/Sprite) ................................

..................... 1 0.00

8301 = Bath salts, otherwise unspecified ............................................................................ 4 0.01

8315 = Synthetic cannabis, otherwise unspecified .............................................................. 1 0.00

8368 = alpha-PVP, alpha-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone .......................................................... 1 0.00

8379 = Dabs/dabbing .......................................................................................................... 1 0.00

8413 = Ketalar [see also 658 and 6501] .............................................................................. 1 0.00

8513 = Amitriptyline, Elavil ............................................................................................... 1 0.00

8545 = Dimenhydrinate,Dramamine,sea/motion sickness <OTC> ..................................... 5 0.01

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 17 0.03

9991 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ..................................................................... 47707 84.98

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 28 0.05

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 126 0.22

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 7712 13.74

HALLUCINOGENS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 41

(LS01SC2)

HALLUCOT2 Len : 4 OTHER HALLUCINOGEN - SPECIFY 2

Freq Pct

322 = Methamphetamine ("ice" or "crank"), Meth .............................................................. 2 0.00

508 = Nitrous oxide, "whippits," dentist gas ....................................................................... 2 0.00

560 = Diswashing detergent, laundry detergent, soap ......................................................... 1 0.00

590 = Canned air, compressed air ....................................................................................... 1 0.00

592 = Computer air duster, computer cleaner, dust-off ....................................................... 1 0.00

601 = LSD ("acid") ............................................................................................................. 5 0.01

602 = Peyote ....................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

604 = Psilocybin (mushrooms), sclerotia, shrooms ............................................................. 4 0.01

606 = "Ecstasy" (MDMA), X-TC, "X" ............................................................................... 2 0.00

607 = OTHER Hallucinogen, NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED ......................................... 10 0.02

616 = DET, Dimethyltryptamine, DMT .............................................................................. 3 0.01

617 = Morning glory seeds, morning glory tendrils, ricea................................................... 1 0.00

622 = Microdot(s), green microdot, purple microdot .......................................................... 1 0.00

625 = Window, window pane, 4-way pane, 4-way ............................................................. 1 0.00

636 = DOM, STP ................................................................................................................ 1 0.00

637 = Purple haze ............................................................................................................... 2 0.00

650 = Datura stramonium, daytura, thorn apple .................................................................. 1 0.00

698 = 2C-B, Bromo mescaline, Nexus ................................................................................ 11 0.02

803 = Marijuana, MarrJane, Mary Jane, MJ, pot, weed ...................................................... 1 0.00

883 = Dextromethorphan hydrobromide <OTC> ................................................................ 3 0.01

1001 = Benadryl, Diphenhydramine <OTC> ...................................................................... 1 0.00

3119 = MDPV, Methylenedioxypyrovalerone .................................................................... 1 0.00

4044 = Hydrocodone........................................................................................................... 1 0.00

6005 = Sassafras, sassafras tea ............................................................................................ 1 0.00

6029 = DXM ....................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

6043 = Diviner's sage, Salvia divinorum ............................................................................. 3 0.01

6048 = Dex ......................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

6074 = LSA ........................................................................................................................ 4 0.01

6087 = Ibogaine .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

6103 = Ayahuasca, Yahe .................................................................................................... 5 0.01

6105 = Alpha-methyltryptamine, AMT, IT-290, 3-IT ......................................................... 1 0.00

6112 = 2C-T-2 .................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

6126 = 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodophenethylamine, 2C-I .......................................................... 7 0.01

6138 = 2C-

E, 2-5-D

imethoxy-4-ethyl-phenethylamine ....................................................... 5 0.01

6169 = 2,5-dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine, DOC ........................................................... 1 0.00

6171 = 4-acetoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 4-AcO-DMT .................................................. 3 0.01

6185 = 25I-NBOMe, 2C-I-NBOMe, BOM-CI, Cimbi-5 ..................................................... 4 0.01

6186 = 3-MeO-2-Oxo-PCE, MXE, Methoxetamine ........................................................... 1 0.00

6188 = 25B-NBOMe, NBOMe-2C-B ................................................................................. 2 0.00

6196 = Changa .................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

6203 = NBOMe; otherwise unspecified .............................................................................. 3 0.01

6209 = 1P-LSD ................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

6226 = E-EAPB .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

8012 = Coriciden <OTC> ................................................................................................... 1 0.00

8283 = Synthetic cannabinoids (eg, K2, Spice, JWH-018) ................................................. 3 0.01

8545 = Dimenhydrinate,Dramamine,sea/motion sickness <OTC> ..................................... 1 0.00

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 9 0.02

9991 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ..................................................................... 47707 84.98

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 10 0.02

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 589 1.05

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 7712 13.74

HALLUCINOGENS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 42

(LS01SC3)

HALLUCOT3 Len : 4 OTHER HALLUCINOGEN - SPECIFY 3

Freq Pct

439 = 222, Canadian 222 .................................................................................................... 1 0.00

508 = Nitrous oxide, "whippits," dentist gas ....................................................................... 1 0.00

605 = PCP ("angel dust," phencyclidine) ............................................................................ 1 0.00

606 = "Ecstasy" (MDMA), X-TC, "X" ............................................................................... 1 0.00

607 = OTHER Hallucinogen, NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED ......................................... 6 0.01

616 = DET, Dimethyltryptamine, DMT .............................................................................. 1 0.00

660 = Bufotenin, toad, toad licking ..................................................................................... 1 0.00

698 = 2C-B, Bromo mescaline, Nexus ................................................................................ 3 0.01

3023 = Adderall .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

6005 = Sassafras, sassafras tea ............................................................................................ 1 0.00

6055 = Liberty caps ............................................................................................................ 1 0.00

6074 = LSA ........................................................................................................................ 1 0.00

6103 = Ayahuasca, Yahe .................................................................................................... 2 0.00

6126 = 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodophenethylamine, 2C-I .......................................................... 10 0.02

6138 = 2C-E, 2-5-Dimethoxy-4-ethyl-phenethylamine ....................................................... 2 0.00

6168 = 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine, DOI .............................................................. 1 0.00

6171 = 4-acetoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 4-AcO-DMT .................................................. 2 0.00

6185 = 25I-NBOMe, 2C-I-NBOMe, BOM-CI, Cimbi-5 ..................................................... 3 0.01

6186 = 3-MeO-2-Oxo-PCE, MXE, Methoxetamine ........................................................... 2 0.00

6189 = 25C-NBOMe, 2C-C-NBOMe, NBOMe-2C-C, N-Bomb ........................................ 1 0.00

6203 = NBOMe; otherwise unspecified .............................................................................. 1 0.00

6209 = 1P-LSD ................................................................................................................... 2 0.00

8283 = Synthetic cannabinoids (eg, K2, Spice, JWH-018) ................................................. 2 0.00

8401 = Tussin DM <OTC> ................................................................................................. 1 0.00

8541 = Mirtazapine, Remeron ............................................................................................. 1 0.00

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 4 0.01

9991 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ..................................................................... 47707 84.98

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 10 0.02

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 654 1.17

999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 7712 13.74

(LS01SC4)

HALLUCOT4 Len : 4 OTHER HALLUCINOGEN - SPECIFY 4

Freq Pct

607 = OTHER Hallucinogen, NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED ......................................... 1 0.00

614 = MDA, Methylenedioxy amphetamine ....................................................................... 1 0.00

616 = DET, Dimethyltryptamine, DMT .............................................................................. 1 0.00

617 = Morning glory seeds, morning glory tendrils, ricea................................................... 1 0.00

698 = 2C-B, Bromo mescaline, Nexus ................................................................................ 2 0.00

6029 = DXM ....................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

6074 = LSA ........................................................................................................................ 2 0.00

6083 = CCC, "Triple C," C3 <OTC> .................................................................................. 1 0.00

6112 = 2C-T-2 .................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

6186 = 3-MeO-2-Oxo-PCE, MXE, Methoxetamine ........................................................... 1 0.00

6200 = AL-LAD, 6-allyl-6-nor-LSD................................................................................... 1 0.00

6203 = NBOMe; otherwise unspecified .............................................................................. 3 0.01

6209 = 1P-LSD ................................................................................................................... 2 0.00

8283 = Synthetic cannabinoids (eg, K2, Spice, JWH-018) ................................................. 1 0.00

8553 = Bupropion, Wellbutrin, Zyban ................................................................................ 1 0.00

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 1 0.00

9991 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ..................................................................... 47707 84.98

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 10 0.02

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 686 1.22

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 7712 13.74

(LS01SC5)

HALLUCOT5 Len : 4 OTHER HALLUCINOGEN - SPECIFY 5

Freq Pct

603 = Mescaline .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

1001 = Benadryl, Diphenhydramine <OTC> ...................................................................... 1 0.00

6005 = Sassafras, sassafras tea ............................................................................................ 1 0.00

6171 = 4-acetoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 4-AcO-DMT .................................................. 2 0.00

6208 = 3-MeO-PCP, 3-Methoxyphencyclidine ................................................................... 1 0.00

6209 = 1P-LSD ................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

9991 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ..................................................................... 47707 84.98

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 11 0.02

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 699 1.25

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 7712 13.74

HALLUCINOGENS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 43

How old were you the first time you used [LSFILL]?

(LS02)

HALLUCAGE Len : 3 AGE WHEN FIRST USED HALLUCINOGENS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 73 ................................................................................................................. 8053 14.35

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 30 0.05

991 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ....................................................................... 47707 84.98

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 66 0.12

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 37 0.07

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 243 0.43

(DMTAMTFXY, ECSTMOLLY, HALLUCOTH, KETMINESK, LSD, MESC, PCP, PEYOTE, PSILCY, SALVIADIV)

HALLUCEVR Len : 2 RC - EVER USED HALLUCINOGENS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 8184 14.58

91 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ......................................................................... 47707 84.98

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 244 0.43

Did you first use [LSFILL] in [CURRENT YEAR - 1] or [CURRENT YEAR]?

Did you first use [LSFILL] in [CURRENT YEAR - 2] or [CURRENT YEAR - 1]?

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first use [LSFILL]?

(LS03A, LS03B, LS03C)

HALLUCYFU Len : 4 YEAR OF FIRST HALLUCINOGEN USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

RANGE = 2017 - 2019 ....................................................................................................... 685 1.22

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 78 0.14

9989 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned ................................................................ 109 0.19

9991 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ..................................................................... 47707 84.98

9994 = DON'T KNOW ....................................................................................................... 70 0.12

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 39 0.07

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 245 0.44

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 7203 12.83

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first use [LSFILL]?

In what month in [YEAR FROM LS03a or LS03b] did you first use [LSFILL]?

(LS03C, LS03D)

HALLUCMFU Len : 2 MONTH OF FIRST HALLUCINOGEN USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

1 = January.......................................................................................................................... 57 0.10

2 = February ........................................................................................................................ 52 0.09

3 = March............................................................................................................................ 58 0.10

4 = April ............................................................................................................................. 55 0.10

5 = May ............................................................................................................................... 53 0.09

6 = June ............................................................................................................................... 72 0.13

7 = July ............................................................................................................................... 90 0.16

8 = August .......................................................................................................................... 47 0.08

9 = September ..................................................................................................................... 36 0.06

10 = October ....................................................................................................................... 57 0.10

11 = November ................................................................................................................... 36 0.06

12 = December .................................................................................................................... 42 0.07

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 78 0.14

89 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................... 109 0.19

91 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ......................................................................... 47707 84.98

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 97 0.17

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 42 0.07

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 245 0.44

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 7203 12.83

HALLUCINOGENS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 44

How long has it been since you last used [LSFILL]?

(LSLAST, LSRECDK, LSRECRE)

HALLUCREC Len : 2 TIME SINCE LAST USED HALLUCINOGENS

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 30 days ................................................................................................. 452 0.81

2 = More than 30 days ago but within the past 12 mos ....................................................... 1180 2.10

3 = More than 12 months ago ............................................................................................. 6287 11.20

8 = Used at some point in the past 12 mos LOG ASSN ...................................................... 58 0.10

9 = Used at some point in lifetime LOG ASSN .................................................................. 154 0.27

11 = Used in the past 30 days LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................. 27 0.05

12 = Used >30 days ago but within pst 12 mos LOG ASSN ............................................... 25 0.04

13 = More than 12 months ago LOGICALLY ASSIGNED ................................................ 1 0.00

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ......................................................................... 47707 84.98

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 243 0.43

(TOTHALL)

HALLUCYFQ Len : 3 TOTAL # OF DAYS USED HALLUCINOGENS IN PAST 12 MOS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 364 ............................................................................................................... 1681 2.99

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 27 0.05

991 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ....................................................................... 47707 84.98

993 = DID NOT USE HALLUCINOGENS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ................................. 6288 11.20

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 11 0.02

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 6 0.01

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 416 0.74

HALTOTFG Len : 2 TRIMMING INDICATOR FOR HALLUCYFQ

Freq Pct

2 = Trimmed relative to the 30-day freq ............................................................................. 3 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 56133 99.99

HALFQFLG Len : 2 TRIMMED HALLUCYFQ IF R USED < 12 MOS

Freq Pct

1 = Trimmed to be consistent with mo/yr of 1st use ........................................................... 68 0.12

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 56068 99.88

Now think about the past 12 months, from [DATEFILL] through today. We want to know how many days you've used [LSFILL] during the past 12

months.

What would be the easiest way for you to tell us how many days you've used it?

(LSFRAME3, LSFRAME4, LSFRAME5, LSFRAME6)

HALLEASWY Len : 2 EASIEST WAY TO TELL US # DAYS USED HALLUCINOGEN

Freq Pct

1 = Prefer to answer in days per week ................................................................................. 145 0.26

2 = Prefer to answer in days per month ............................................................................... 251 0.45

3 = Prefer to answer in days per year .................................................................................. 1277 2.27

12 = Prefer to ans in days per mo LOG ASSN .................................................................... 1 0.00

13 = Prefer to ans in days per yr LOG ASSN ..................................................................... 20 0.04

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 27 0.05

91 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ......................................................................... 47707 84.98

93 = DID NOT USE HALLUCINOGENS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ................................... 6288 11.20

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 2 0.00

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 2 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 416 0.74

HALLUCINOGENS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 45

On how many days in the past 12 months did you use [LSFILL]?

(LSYRAV2, LSYRAV3, LSYRAV4, LSYRAVE)

HALLDYSYR Len : 3 # DAYS USED HALLUCINOGEN PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 332 ............................................................................................................... 1300 2.32

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 21 0.04

989 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................. 2 0.00

991 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ....................................................................... 47707 84.98

993 = DID NOT USE HALLUCINOGENS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ................................. 6288 11.20

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 5 0.01

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 2 0.00

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 416 0.74

999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................. 395 0.70

On average, how many days did you use [LSFILL] each month during the past 12 months?

(LSMONAV2, LSMONAV3, LSMONAV4, LSMONAVE)

HALLDYPMO Len : 2 # DAYS PER MONTH USED HALLUCINOGEN PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 23 ................................................................................................................. 248 0.44

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 8 0.01

91 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ......................................................................... 47707 84.98

93 = DID NOT USE HALLUCINOGENS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ................................... 6288 11.20

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 8 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 4 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 434 0.77

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 1439 2.56

On average, how many days did you use [LSFILL] each week during the past 12 months?

(LSWKAV2, LSWKAV3, LSWKAV4, LSWKAVE)

HALLDYPWK Len : 2 # DAYS PER WEEK USED HALLUCINOGEN PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 7 ................................................................................................................... 139 0.25

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 3 0.01

91 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ......................................................................... 47707 84.98

93 = DID NOT USE HALLUCINOGENS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ................................... 6288 11.20

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 11 0.02

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 6 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 440 0.78

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 1542 2.75

Think specifically about the past 30 days, from [DATEFILL] up to and including today. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you use

[LSFILL]?

(LS04, LS30, LS31, LS32)

HALLUC30N Len : 2 # DAYS USED HALLUCINOGEN PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 30 ................................................................................................................. 455 0.81

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 20 0.04

91 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ......................................................................... 47707 84.98

93 = DID NOT USE HALLUCINOGENS IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ................................ 7493 13.35

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 1 0.00

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 459 0.82

What is your best estimate of the number of days you used [LSFILL] during the past 30 days?

(LS04DKRE, LS30DKRE, LS31DKRE, LS32DKRE)

HALLUC30E Len : 2 BEST EST. # DAYS USED HALLUCINOGENS PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED HALLUCINOGENS ......................................................................... 47707 84.98

93 = DID NOT USE HALLUCINOGENS IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ................................ 7493 13.35

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 1 0.00

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 478 0.85

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 455 0.81

HALLUCINOGENS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 46

Now think only about LSD. How old were you the first time you used LSD?

(LS05)

LSDAGE Len : 3 AGE WHEN FIRST USED LSD

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 63 ................................................................................................................. 4827 8.60

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 5 0.01

991 = NEVER USED LSD ................................................................................................. 51169 91.15

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 50 0.09

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 20 0.04

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 65 0.12

Did you first use LSD in [CURRENT YEAR - 1] or [CURRENT YEAR]?

Did you first use LSD in [CURRENT YEAR - 2] OR [CURRENT YEAR - 1]?

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first use LSD?

(LS06, LS07, LS08)

LSDYFU Len : 4 YEAR OF FIRST LSD USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

RANGE = 2017 - 2019 ....................................................................................................... 469 0.84

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 25 0.04

9989 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned ................................................................ 16 0.03

9991 = NEVER USED LSD ............................................................................................... 51169 91.15

9994 = DON'T KNOW ....................................................................................................... 52 0.09

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 21 0.04

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 80 0.14

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 4304 7.67

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first use LSD?

In what month in [YEAR FROM LS06 or LS07] did you first use LSD?

(LS08, LS09)

LSDMFU Len : 2 MONTH OF FIRST LSD USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

1 = January.......................................................................................................................... 32 0.06

2 = February ........................................................................................................................ 40 0.07

3 = March............................................................................................................................ 38 0.07

4 = April ............................................................................................................................. 34 0.06

5 = May ............................................................................................................................... 30 0.05

6 = June ............................................................................................................................... 54 0.10

7 = July ............................................................................................................................... 53 0.09

8 = August .......................................................................................................................... 30 0.05

9 = September ..................................................................................................................... 24 0.04

10 = October ....................................................................................................................... 41 0.07

11 = November ................................................................................................................... 39 0.07

12 = December .................................................................................................................... 30 0.05

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 26 0.05

89 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................... 16 0.03

91 = NEVER USED LSD ................................................................................................... 51169 91.15

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 72 0.13

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 24 0.04

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 80 0.14

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 4304 7.67

HALLUCINOGENS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 47

How long has it been since you last used LSD?

(LS10)

LSDREC Len : 2 TIME SINCE LAST USED LSD

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 30 days ................................................................................................. 182 0.32

2 = More than 30 days ago but within the past 12 mos ....................................................... 617 1.10

3 = More than 12 months ago ............................................................................................. 4032 7.18

8 = Used at some point in the past 12 mos LOG ASSN ...................................................... 15 0.03

9 = Used at some point in the lifetime LOG ASSN............................................................. 64 0.11

91 = NEVER USED LSD ................................................................................................... 51169 91.15

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 5 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 52 0.09

Now think only about PCP. How old were you the first time you used PCP?

(LS11)

PCPAGE Len : 3 AGE WHEN FIRST USED PCP

Freq Pct

RANGE = 8 - 48 ................................................................................................................. 703 1.25

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 5 0.01

991 = NEVER USED PCP .................................................................................................. 55345 98.59

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 15 0.03

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 9 0.02

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 59 0.11

Did you first use PCP in [CURRENT YEAR - 1] or [CURRENT YEAR]?

Did you first use PCP in [CURRENT YEAR - 2] OR [CURRENT YEAR - 1]?

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first use PCP?

(LS12, LS13, LS14)

PCPYFU Len : 4 YEAR OF FIRST PCP USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

RANGE = 2017 - 2019 ....................................................................................................... 19 0.03

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 5 0.01

9989 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned ................................................................ 2 0.00

9991 = NEVER USED PCP ................................................................................................ 55345 98.59

9994 = DON'T KNOW ....................................................................................................... 15 0.03

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 9 0.02

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 62 0.11

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 679 1.21

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first use PCP?

In what month in [YEAR FROM LS12 or LS13] did you first use PCP?

(LS14, LS15)

PCPMFU Len : 2 MONTH OF FIRST PCP USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

1 = January.......................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

2 = February ........................................................................................................................ 2 0.00

3 = March............................................................................................................................ 1 0.00

4 = April ............................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

5 = May ............................................................................................................................... 2 0.00

6 = June ............................................................................................................................... 2 0.00

7 = July ............................................................................................................................... 3 0.01

8 = August .......................................................................................................................... 2 0.00

9 = September ..................................................................................................................... 2 0.00

10 = October ....................................................................................................................... 2 0.00

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 5 0.01

89 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................... 2 0.00

91 = NEVER USED PCP.................................................................................................... 55345 98.59

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 15 0.03

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 10 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 62 0.11

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 679 1.21

HALLUCINOGENS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 48

How long has it been since you last used PCP?

(LS16)

PCPREC Len : 2 TIME SINCE LAST USED PCP

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 30 days ................................................................................................. 4 0.01

2 = More than 30 days ago but within the past 12 mos ....................................................... 21 0.04

3 = More than 12 months ago ............................................................................................. 684 1.22

8 = Used at some point in the past 12 mos LOG ASSN ...................................................... 2 0.00

9 = Used at some point in the lifetime LOG ASSN............................................................. 18 0.03

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED PCP.................................................................................................... 55345 98.59

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 58 0.10

Now think only about 'Ecstasy or 'Molly.' How old were you the first time you used 'Ecstasy' or 'Molly,' also known as MDMA?

(LS17)

ECSTMOAGE Len : 3 AGE WHEN FIRST USED ECSTASY OR MOLLY

Freq Pct

RANGE = 3 - 63 ................................................................................................................. 4289 7.64

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 8 0.01

991 = NEVER USED ECSTASY OR MOLLY .................................................................. 51719 92.13

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 22 0.04

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 18 0.03

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 80 0.14

Did you first use 'Ecstasy' or 'Molly' in [CURRENT YEAR - 1] or [CURRENT YEAR]?

Did you first use 'Ecstasy' or 'Molly' in [CURRENT YEAR - 2] or [CURRENT YEAR - 1]?

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first use 'Ecstasy' or 'Molly'?

(LS18, LS19, LS20)

ECSTMOYFU Len : 4 YEAR OF FIRST ECSTASY OR MOLLY USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

RANGE = 2017 - 2019 ....................................................................................................... 397 0.71

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 29 0.05

9989 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned ................................................................ 11 0.02

9991 = NEVER USED ECSTASY OR MOLLY ................................................................ 51719 92.13

9994 = DON'T KNOW ....................................................................................................... 22 0.04

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 18 0.03

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 88 0.16

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 3852 6.86

HALLUCINOGENS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 49

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first use 'Ecstasy' or 'Molly'?

In what month in [YEAR FROM LS18 or LS19] did you first use 'Ecstasy' or 'Molly'?

(LS20, LS21)

ECSTMOMFU Len : 2 MONTH OF FIRST ECSTASY OR MOLLY USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

1 = January.......................................................................................................................... 36 0.06

2 = February ........................................................................................................................ 28 0.05

3 = March............................................................................................................................ 33 0.06

4 = April ............................................................................................................................. 33 0.06

5 = May ............................................................................................................................... 34 0.06

6 = June ............................................................................................................................... 40 0.07

7 = July ............................................................................................................................... 32 0.06

8 = August .......................................................................................................................... 33 0.06

9 = September ..................................................................................................................... 22 0.04

10 = October ....................................................................................................................... 33 0.06

11 = November ................................................................................................................... 20 0.04

12 = December .................................................................................................................... 31 0.06

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 32 0.06

89 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................... 11 0.02

91 = NEVER USED ECSTASY OR MOLLY .................................................................... 51719 92.13

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 39 0.07

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 20 0.04

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 88 0.16

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 3852 6.86

How long has it been since you last used 'Ecstasy' or 'Molly,' also known as MDMA?

(LS22)

ECSTMOREC Len : 2 TIME SINCE LAST USED ECSTASY OR MOLLY

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 30 days ................................................................................................. 155 0.28

2 = More than 30 days ago but within the past 12 mos ....................................................... 541 0.96

3 = More than 12 months ago ............................................................................................. 3575 6.37

8 = Used at some point in the past 12 mos LOG ASSN ...................................................... 10 0.02

9 = Used at some point in the lifetime LOG ASSN............................................................. 67 0.12

11 = Used in the past 30 days LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED ECSTASY OR MOLLY .................................................................... 51719 92.13

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 6 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 62 0.11

How long has it been since you last used Ketamine?

(LS33)

KETMINREC Len : 2 TIME SINCE LAST USED KETAMINE

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 30 days ................................................................................................. 35 0.06

2 = More than 30 days ago but within the past 12 mos ....................................................... 83 0.15

3 = More than 12 months ago ............................................................................................. 646 1.15

9 = Used at some point in the lifetime LOG ASSN............................................................. 6 0.01

12 = Used >30 days ago but within pst 12 mos LOG ASSN ............................................... 2 0.00

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED KETAMINE ...................................................................................... 55281 98.48

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 6 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 76 0.14

How long has it been since you last used DMT, AMT or Foxy?

(LS34)

DAMTFXREC Len : 2 TIME SINCE LAST USED DMT/AMT/FOXY

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 30 days ................................................................................................. 26 0.05

2 = More than 30 days ago but within the past 12 mos ....................................................... 96 0.17

3 = More than 12 months ago ............................................................................................. 598 1.07

9 = Used at some point in the lifetime LOG ASSN............................................................. 14 0.02

91 = NEVER USED DMT/AMT/FOXY ............................................................................ 55306 98.52

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 7 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 89 0.16

HALLUCINOGENS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 50

How long has it been since you last used Salvia divinorum?

(LS35)

SALVIAREC Len : 2 TIME SINCE LAST USED SALVIA DIVINORUM

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 30 days ................................................................................................. 9 0.02

2 = More than 30 days ago but within the past 12 mos ....................................................... 33 0.06

3 = More than 12 months ago ............................................................................................. 1112 1.98

9 = Used at some point in the lifetime LOG ASSN............................................................. 8 0.01

11 = Used in the past 30 days LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................. 2 0.00

12 = Used >30 days ago but within pst 12 mos LOG ASSN ............................................... 2 0.00

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED SALVIA DIVINORUM .................................................................... 54859 97.73

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 8 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 102 0.18

INHALANTS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 51

INHALANTS

These next questions are about liquids, sprays, and gases that people sniff or inhale to get high or to make them feel good.

We are not interested in times when you inhaled a substance accidentally — such as when painting, cleaning an oven, or filling a car with gasoline.

The questions use the word ‘inhalant’ to include all the things listed below, as well as any other substances that people sniff or inhale for kicks or to

get high. Take a moment to look at the substances listed below so you know what kinds of liquids, sprays, and gases these questions are about.

Amyl nitrite, 'poppers,' locker room odorizers, or 'rush'

Correction fluid, degreaser, or cleaning fluid

Gasoline or lighter fluid

Glue, shoe polish, or toluene

Halothane, ether, or other anesthetics

Lacquer thinner, or other paint solvents

Lighter gases, such as butane or propane

Nitrous oxide or 'whippits'

Felt-tip pens, felt-tip markers, or magic markers

Spray paints

Computer keyboard cleaner, also known as air duster

Other aerosol sprays

Have you ever, even once, inhaled amyl nitrite, 'poppers,' locker room odorizers, or 'rush' for kicks or to get high?

(IN01A)

AMYLNIT Len : 2 EVER INHALED AMYL NITRITE, 'POPPERS,' RUSH, ETC.

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 1011 1.80

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 4439 7.91

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 3 0.01

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................... 50637 90.20

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 39 0.07

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 6 0.01

Have you ever, even once, inhaled correction fluid, degreaser, or cleaning fluid for kicks or to get high?

(IN01B)

CLEFLU Len : 2 EVER INHALED CORRECTION FLUID, DEGREASER, ETC.

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 317 0.56

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 5145 9.17

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 3 0.01

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................... 50637 90.20

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 25 0.04

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 8 0.01

Have you ever, even once, inhaled gasoline or lighter fluid for kicks or to get high?

(IN01C)

GAS Len : 2 EVER INHALED GASOLINE OR LIGHTER FLUID

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 736 1.31

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 4729 8.42

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................... 50637 90.20

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 21 0.04

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 12 0.02

INHALANTS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 52

Have you ever, even once, inhaled glue, shoe polish, or toluene for kicks or to get high?

(IN01D)

GLUE Len : 2 EVER INHALED GLUE, SHOE POLISH, OR TOLUENE

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 731 1.30

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 4733 8.43

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 2 0.00

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................... 50637 90.20

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 25 0.04

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 7 0.01

Have you ever, even once, inhaled halothane, ether, or other anesthetics for kicks or to get high?

(IN01E)

ETHER Len : 2 EVER INHALED HALOTHANE, ETHER, OR OTHER ANESTHETIC

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 127 0.23

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 5334 9.50

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................... 50637 90.20

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 31 0.06

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 6 0.01

Have you ever, even once, inhaled lacquer thinner or other paint solvents for kicks or to get high?

(IN01F)

SOLVENT Len : 2 EVER INHALED LACQUER THINNER, OTHER PAINT SOLVENTS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 306 0.55

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 5164 9.20

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 1 0.00

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................... 50637 90.20

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 22 0.04

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 5 0.01

Have you ever, even once, inhaled lighter gases, such as butane or propane for kicks or to get high?

(IN01G)

LGAS Len : 2 EVER INHALED LIGHTER GASES (BUTANE, PROPANE)

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 214 0.38

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 5259 9.37

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................... 50637 90.20

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 19 0.03

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 6 0.01

Have you ever, even once, inhaled nitrous oxide or 'whippits' for kicks or to get high?

(IN01H)

NITOXID Len : 2 EVER INHALED NITROUS OXIDE OR 'WHIPPITS'

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 2241 3.99

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 3226 5.75

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 4 0.01

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................... 50637 90.20

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 23 0.04

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 4 0.01

INHALANTS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 53

Have you ever, even once, inhaled felt-tip pens, felt-tip markers, or magic markers for kicks or to get high?

(IN01H1)

FELTMARKR Len : 2 EVER INHALED FELT-TIP PENS/MARKERS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 2053 3.66

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 3391 6.04

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 1 0.00

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................... 50637 90.20

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 45 0.08

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 8 0.01

Have you ever, even once, inhaled spray paints for kicks or to get high?

(IN01I)

SPPAINT Len : 2 EVER INHALED SPRAY PAINTS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 534 0.95

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 4943 8.81

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................... 50637 90.20

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 18 0.03

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

Have you ever, even once, inhaled computer keyboard cleaner, also known as air duster, for kicks or to get high?

(IN01II)

AIRDUSTER Len : 2 EVER INHALED COMPUTER KEYBOARD CLEANER/AIR DUSTER

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 768 1.37

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 4704 8.38

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 3 0.01

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................... 50637 90.20

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 19 0.03

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 4 0.01

Have you ever, even once, inhaled some other aerosol spray for kicks or to get high?

(IN01J)

OTHAEROS Len : 2 EVER INHALED OTHER AEROSOL SPRAYS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 312 0.56

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 5160 9.19

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 3 0.01

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................... 50637 90.20

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 18 0.03

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 5 0.01

Have you ever, even once used any other inhalants for kicks or to get high besides the ones that have been listed?

(IN01L)

INHALOTH Len : 2 EVER USED OTHER INHALANTS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 161 0.29

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 5305 9.45

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................... 50637 90.20

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 28 0.05

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 4 0.01

INHALANTS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 54

(IN01SC1)

INHALOT1 Len : 4 OTHER INHALANT - SPECIFY 1

Freq Pct

348 = Crystal ...................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

377 = Albuterol ................................................................................................................... 2 0.00

501 = Gasoline or lighter fluids........................................................................................... 3 0.01

503 = Other aerosol sprays .................................................................................................. 10 0.02

504 = Shoeshine liquid, glue, or toluene ............................................................................. 2 0.00

505 = Lacquer thinner or other paint solvents ..................................................................... 1 0.00

506 = Amyl nitrite,"poppers,"locker room odorizer,"rush" ................................................. 4 0.01

508 = Nitrous oxide, "whippits," dentist gas ....................................................................... 5 0.01

510 = OTHER Inhalant, NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED ................................................. 22 0.04

511 = Markers, felt-tip pens, ink pens ................................................................................. 5 0.01

516 = CHC, chlorofluorocarbon, freon, refrigerant ............................................................. 6 0.01

518 = Acetone, nail polish remover .................................................................................... 6 0.01

519 = Helium ...................................................................................................................... 10 0.02

520 = Old paint, paint ......................................................................................................... 3 0.01

524 = White-Out ................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

526 = Nail polish................................................................................................................. 4 0.01

528 = Whipped-cream can .................................................................................................. 3 0.01

531 = Candy, powdered candy, sugar ................................................................................. 2 0.00

537 = Air horn, canned air horn, condensed horn ............................................................... 1 0.00

539 = Scotch-Gard .............................................................................................................. 1 0.00

546 = Leather or suede protector, aerosol unspecified ........................................................ 1 0.00

548 = Cologne, isopropanol vapors, rubbing alcohol .......................................................... 7 0.01

560 = Diswashing detergent, laundry detergent, soap ......................................................... 1 0.00

582 = WD-40 ...................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

591 = Air brush propellant, air brush cartridge ................................................................... 1 0.00

592 = Computer air duster, computer cleaner, dust-off ....................................................... 3 0.01

802 = THC, cannabinol, marinol, tetrahydrocannabinol ..................................................... 1 0.00

803 = Marijuana, MarrJane, Mary Jane, MJ, pot, weed ...................................................... 4 0.01

807 = Alcohol, beer, ethanol, EtOH, pink champagne ........................................................ 1 0.00

818 = Nicotine .................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

843 = Cold medicine, cold tablets <OTC> .......................................................................... 1 0.00

5001 = Bleach ..................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

5004 = Ink print, paper ........................................................................................................ 2 0.00

5016 = Masking tape, tape adhesive ................................................................................... 1 0.00

5028 = Carburetor cleaner, engine cleaner

.......................................................................... 1 0

.00

5045 = Cleaner, not otherwise specified ............................................................................. 1 0.00

5049 = Hand sanitizer/cleaner, contents unspecified ........................................................... 1 0.00

5061 = Lip balm, lip gloss .................................................................................................. 1 0.00

5141 = Gun smoke, gun powder ......................................................................................... 1 0.00

5142 = Dryer sheets, fabric softener ................................................................................... 1 0.00

5147 = Glycerin .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

5148 = Hand sanitizer/cleaner; alcohol-based ..................................................................... 1 0.00

6052 = Acrylic resin............................................................................................................ 1 0.00

8024 = Asthma inhaler,asthma medication,bronchial dilator .............................................. 2 0.00

8118 = Smoke/smoking, not otherwise specified ................................................................ 2 0.00

8373 = Electronic cigarette ................................................................................................. 1 0.00

8379 = Dabs/dabbing .......................................................................................................... 1 0.00

8381 = Vapor/vape juice; route of use unspecified ............................................................. 6 0.01

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 8 0.01

9991 = NEVER USED INHALANTS ................................................................................ 50637 90.20

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 16 0.03

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 29 0.05

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 5305 9.45

INHALANTS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 55

(IN01SC2)

INHALOT2 Len : 4 OTHER INHALANT - SPECIFY 2

Freq Pct

503 = Other aerosol sprays .................................................................................................. 1 0.00

504 = Shoeshine liquid, glue, or toluene ............................................................................. 2 0.00

510 = OTHER Inhalant, NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED ................................................. 4 0.01

518 = Acetone, nail polish remover .................................................................................... 2 0.00

537 = Air horn, canned air horn, condensed horn ............................................................... 1 0.00

553 = Pixie sticks ................................................................................................................ 1 0.00

560 = Diswashing detergent, laundry detergent, soap ......................................................... 1 0.00

592 = Computer air duster, computer cleaner, dust-off ....................................................... 1 0.00

805 = Cocaine, coca, cocaina, coke, perico ......................................................................... 1 0.00

5017 = Oil, lubricant, grease; otherwise unspecified ........................................................... 1 0.00

5043 = Carbona ................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 4 0.01

9991 = NEVER USED INHALANTS ................................................................................ 50637 90.20

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 5 0.01

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 169 0.30

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 5305 9.45

(IN01SC3)

INHALOT3 Len : 4 OTHER INHALANT - SPECIFY 3

Freq Pct

502 = Spray paints .............................................................................................................. 1 0.00

503 = Other aerosol sprays .................................................................................................. 1 0.00

510 = OTHER Inhalant, NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED ................................................. 1 0.00

528 = Whipped-cream can .................................................................................................. 1 0.00

5024 = Candle, citronella candle ......................................................................................... 1 0.00

5045 = Cleaner, not otherwise specified ............................................................................. 1 0.00

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 1 0.00

9991 = NEVER USED INHALANTS ................................................................................ 50637 90.20

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 5 0.01

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 182 0.32

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 5305 9.45

(IN01SC4)

INHALOT4 Len : 4 OTHER INHALANT - SPECIFY 4

Freq Pct

511 = Markers, felt-tip pens, ink pens ................................................................................. 1 0.00

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 1 0.00

9991 = NEVER USED INHALANTS ................................................................................ 50637 90.20

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 4 0.01

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 188 0.33

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 5305 9.45

(IN01SC5)

INHALOT5 Len : 4 OTHER INHALANT - SPECIFY 5

Freq Pct

8381 = Vapor/vape juice; route of use unspecified ............................................................. 1 0.00

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 1 0.00

9991 = NEVER USED INHALANTS ................................................................................ 50637 90.20

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 4 0.01

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 188 0.33

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 5305 9.45

INHALANTS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 56

The answers that people give us about their use of inhalants are important to this study's success. We know that this information is personal, but

remember your answers will be kept confidential.

Please think again about answering this question: Have you ever, even once, used any type of inhalant for kicks or to get high?

NOTE: This variable was coded as 1 if respondents answered yes to the above question and 91 if respondents answered the above question as no

(see below). This variable also was coded as 1 if the questions corresponding to any of the following variables were answered as yes: AMYLNIT,

CLEFLU, GAS, GLUE, ETHER, SOLVENT, LGAS, NITOXID, FELTMARKR, SPPAINT, AIRDUSTER, OTHAEROS, or INHALOTH. This

variable also was coded as 91 if all of the above variables were coded as 91.

(AIRDUSTER, AMYLNIT, CLEFLU, ETHER, FELTMARKR, GAS, GLUE, INHALOTH, INREF, LGAS, NITOXID, OTHAEROS, SOLVENT,

SPPAINT)

INHALEVER Len : 2 EVER USED INHALANTS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 5369 9.56

91 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................... 50637 90.20

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 2 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 128 0.23

How old were you the first time you used any inhalant for kicks or to get high?

(IN02)

INHALAGE Len : 3 AGE WHEN FIRST USED INHALANTS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 60 ................................................................................................................. 4937 8.79

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 42 0.07

991 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................. 50637 90.20

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 266 0.47

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 127 0.23

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 127 0.23

Did you first use an inhalant of any kind for kicks or to get high in [CURRENT YEAR - 1] or [CURRENT YEAR]?

Did you first use an inhalant of any kind for kicks or to get high in [CURRENT YEAR - 2] or [CURRENT YEAR - 1]?

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first use an inhalant of any kind for kicks or to get high?

(IN03A, IN03B, IN03C)

INHALYFU Len : 4 YEAR OF FIRST INHALANT USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

RANGE = 2017 - 2019 ....................................................................................................... 430 0.77

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 98 0.17

9989 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned ................................................................ 23 0.04

9991 = NEVER USED INHALANTS ................................................................................ 50637 90.20

9994 = DON'T KNOW ....................................................................................................... 267 0.48

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 129 0.23

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 131 0.23

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 4421 7.88

INHALANTS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 57

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first use an inhalant of any kind for kicks or to get high?

In what month in [YEAR FROM IN03a or IN03b] did you first use an inhalant of any kind for kicks or to get high?

(IN03C, IN03D)

INHALMFU Len : 2 MONTH OF FIRST INHALANT USE - RECODE

Freq Pct

1 = January.......................................................................................................................... 34 0.06

2 = February ........................................................................................................................ 24 0.04

3 = March............................................................................................................................ 49 0.09

4 = April ............................................................................................................................. 35 0.06

5 = May ............................................................................................................................... 30 0.05

6 = June ............................................................................................................................... 31 0.06

7 = July ............................................................................................................................... 29 0.05

8 = August .......................................................................................................................... 30 0.05

9 = September ..................................................................................................................... 24 0.04

10 = October ....................................................................................................................... 38 0.07

11 = November ................................................................................................................... 30 0.05

12 = December .................................................................................................................... 26 0.05

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 94 0.17

89 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................... 23 0.04

91 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................... 50637 90.20

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 309 0.55

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 137 0.24

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 135 0.24

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 4421 7.88

How long has it been since you last used any inhalant for kicks or to get high?

(INLAST, INRECDK, INRECRE)

INHALREC Len : 2 TIME SINCE LAST USED INHALANTS

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 30 days ................................................................................................. 184 0.33

2 = More than 30 days ago but within the past 12 mos ....................................................... 460 0.82

3 = More than 12 months ago ............................................................................................. 4518 8.05

8 = Used at some point in the past 12 mos LOG ASSN ...................................................... 12 0.02

9 = Used at some point in lifetime LOG ASSN .................................................................. 192 0.34

11 = Used in the past 30 days LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................. 3 0.01

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................... 50637 90.20

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 2 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 127 0.23

(TOTINHAL)

INHALYFQ Len : 3 TOTAL # OF DAYS USED INHALANT PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 364 ............................................................................................................... 627 1.12

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 6 0.01

991 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................. 50637 90.20

993 = DID NOT USE INHALANTS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ........................................... 4518 8.05

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 18 0.03

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 10 0.02

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 320 0.57

INHTOTFG Len : 2 TRIMMING INDICATOR FOR INHALYFQ

Freq Pct

2 = Trimmed relative to the 30-day freq ............................................................................. 2 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 56134 100.0

INHFQFLG Len : 2 TRIMMED INHALYFQ IF R USED < 12 MOS

Freq Pct

1 = Trimmed to be consistent with mo/yr of 1st use ........................................................... 59 0.11

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 56077 99.89

INHALANTS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 58

Now think about the past 12 months, from [DATEFILL] through today. We want to know how many days you've used an inhalant of any kind for

kicks or to get high during the past 12 months.

What would be the easiest way for you to tell us how many days you've done this?

(INFRAME3)

INHEASWY Len : 2 EASIEST WAY TO TELL US # DAYS USED INHALANTS

Freq Pct

1 = Prefer to answer in days per week ................................................................................. 98 0.17

2 = Prefer to answer in days per month ............................................................................... 121 0.22

3 = Prefer to answer in days per year .................................................................................. 395 0.70

11 = Prefer to ans in days per wk LOG ASSN .................................................................... 2 0.00

12 = Prefer to ans in days per mo LOG ASSN .................................................................... 6 0.01

13 = Prefer to ans in days per yr LOG ASSN ..................................................................... 22 0.04

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 5 0.01

91 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................... 50637 90.20

93 = DID NOT USE INHALANTS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................................. 4518 8.05

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 7 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 5 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 320 0.57

On how many days in the past 12 months did you use an inhalant of any kind for kicks or to get high?

(INYRAVE)

INHDYSYR Len : 3 # DAYS USED INHALANT PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 250 ............................................................................................................... 410 0.73

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 5 0.01

989 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................. 7 0.01

991 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................. 50637 90.20

993 = DID NOT USE INHALANTS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ........................................... 4518 8.05

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 12 0.02

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 7 0.01

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 320 0.57

999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................. 220 0.39

On average, how many days did you use an inhalant of any kind for kicks or to get high each month during the past 12 months?

(INMONAVE)

INHDYPMO Len : 2 # DAYS PER MONTH USED INHALANT PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 28 ................................................................................................................. 122 0.22

89 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................... 2 0.00

91 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................... 50637 90.20

93 = DID NOT USE INHALANTS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................................. 4518 8.05

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 14 0.02

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 10 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 325 0.58

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 508 0.90

On average, how many days did you use an inhalant of any kind for kicks or to get high each week during the past 12 months?

(INWKAVE)

INHDYPWK Len : 2 # DAYS PER WEEK USED INHALANT PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 7 ................................................................................................................... 96 0.17

91 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................... 50637 90.20

93 = DID NOT USE INHALANTS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................................. 4518 8.05

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 18 0.03

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 10 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 325 0.58

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 532 0.95

INHALANTS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 59

Think specifically about the past 30 days, from [DATEFILL] up to and including today. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you use

any inhalant for kicks or to get high?

(IN06)

INHAL30N Len : 2 # DAYS USED INHALANT PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 30 ................................................................................................................. 174 0.31

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 10 0.02

91 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................... 50637 90.20

93 = DID NOT USE INHALANTS IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ........................................... 4978 8.87

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 6 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 6 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 325 0.58

What is your best estimate of the number of days you used any inhalant for kicks or to get high during the past 30 days?

(IN06DKRE)

INHAL30ES Len : 2 BEST ESTIMATE # DAYS USED INHALANTS PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

1 = 1 or 2 days .................................................................................................................... 4 0.01

2 = 3 to 5 days ..................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

5 = 20 to 29 days ................................................................................................................. 2 0.00

91 = NEVER USED INHALANTS .................................................................................... 50637 90.20

93 = DID NOT USE INHALANTS IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ........................................... 4978 8.87

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 2 0.00

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 4 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 335 0.60

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 173 0.31

METHAMPHETAMINE

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 60

METHAMPHETAMINE

Methamphetamine, also known as crank, ice, crystal meth, speed, glass, and many other names, is a stimulant that usually comes in crystal or

powder forms. It can be smoked, “snorted,” swallowed or injected.

Have you ever, even once, used methamphetamine?

(ME01, MEREF)

METHAMEVR Len : 2 EVER USED METHAMPHETAMINE

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 2548 4.54

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 53525 95.35

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 61 0.11

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 2 0.00

How old were you the first time you used methamphetamine?

(ME02)

METHAMAGE Len : 3 AGE 1ST USED METHAMPHETAMINE

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 70 ................................................................................................................. 2529 4.51

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 1 0.00

991 = NEVER USED METHAMPHETAMINE ................................................................ 53525 95.35

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 13 0.02

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 7 0.01

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 61 0.11

Did you first use methamphetamine in [CURRENT YEAR - 1] or [CURRENT YEAR]?

Did you first use methamphetamine in [CURRENT YEAR - 2] or [CURRENT YEAR - 1]?

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first use methamphetamine?

(ME03A, ME03B, ME03C)

METHAMYFU Len : 4 YEAR 1ST USED METHAMPHETAMINE

Freq Pct

RANGE = 2017 - 2019 ....................................................................................................... 107 0.19

9985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................. 10 0.02

9989 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned ................................................................ 17 0.03

9991 = NEVER USED METHAMPHETAMINE............................................................... 53525 95.35

9994 = DON'T KNOW ....................................................................................................... 14 0.02

9997 = REFUSED .............................................................................................................. 8 0.01

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 61 0.11

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 2394 4.26

METHAMPHETAMINE

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 61

In what month in [CURRENT YEAR] did you first use methamphetamine?

In what month in [YEAR FROM ME03a or ME03b] did you first use methamphetamine?

(ME03C, ME03D)

METHAMMFU Len : 2 MONTH 1ST USED METHAMPHETAMINE

Freq Pct

1 = January.......................................................................................................................... 13 0.02

2 = February ........................................................................................................................ 6 0.01

3 = March............................................................................................................................ 11 0.02

4 = April ............................................................................................................................. 6 0.01

5 = May ............................................................................................................................... 6 0.01

6 = June ............................................................................................................................... 6 0.01

7 = July ............................................................................................................................... 10 0.02

8 = August .......................................................................................................................... 9 0.02

9 = September ..................................................................................................................... 6 0.01

10 = October ....................................................................................................................... 5 0.01

11 = November ................................................................................................................... 12 0.02

12 = December .................................................................................................................... 7 0.01

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 10 0.02

89 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................... 17 0.03

91 = NEVER USED METHAMPHETAMINE .................................................................. 53525 95.35

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 23 0.04

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 9 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 61 0.11

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 2394 4.26

How long has it been since you last used methamphetamine?

(MELAST3, MERECDK, MERECRE)

METHAMREC Len : 2 TIME SINCE LAST USED METHAMPHETAMINE

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 30 days ................................................................................................. 219 0.39

2 = More than 30 days ago but within the past 12 mos ....................................................... 203 0.36

3 = More than 12 months ago ............................................................................................. 2098 3.74

8 = Used at some point in the past 12 mos LOG ASSN ...................................................... 12 0.02

9 = Used at some point in lifetime LOG ASSN .................................................................. 16 0.03

91 = NEVER USED METHAMPHETAMINE .................................................................. 53525 95.35

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 2 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 61 0.11

(TOTME)

METHAMYFQ Len : 3 TOTAL # DAYS USED METHAMPHETAMINE PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 365 ............................................................................................................... 416 0.74

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 11 0.02

991 = NEVER USED METHAMPHETAMINE ................................................................ 53525 95.35

993 = DID NOT USE METHAMPHETAMINE IN THE PAST 12 MOS .......................... 2098 3.74

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 7 0.01

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 2 0.00

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 77 0.14

METOTFG Len : 2 TRIMMING INDICATOR FOR METHAMYFQ

Freq Pct

2 = Trimmed relative to the 30-day freq ............................................................................. 11 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 56125 99.98

MEFQFLG Len : 2 TRIMMED METHAMYFQ IF R USED < 12 MOS

Freq Pct

1 = Trimmed to be consistent with mo/yr of 1st use ........................................................... 15 0.03

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 56121 99.97

METHAMPHETAMINE

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 62

Now think about the past 12 months, from [DATEFILL] through today. We want to know how many days you've used methamphetamine during

the past 12 months.

What would be the easiest way for you to tell us how many days you've used it?

(MEFRAME3)

METHEASWY Len : 2 EASIEST WAY TO TELL # DAYS USED METHAMPHETAMINE

Freq Pct

1 = Prefer to answer in days per week ................................................................................. 135 0.24

2 = Prefer to answer in days per month ............................................................................... 113 0.20

3 = Prefer to answer in days per year .................................................................................. 169 0.30

12 = Prefer to ans in days per mo LOG ASSN .................................................................... 3 0.01

13 = Prefer to ans in days per yr LOG ASSN ..................................................................... 1 0.00

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 11 0.02

91 = NEVER USED METHAMPHETAMINE .................................................................. 53525 95.35

93 = DID NOT USE METHAMPHETAMINE IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................ 2098 3.74

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 2 0.00

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 2 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 77 0.14

On how many days in the past 12 months did you use methamphetamine?

(MEYRAVE)

METHDYSYR Len : 3 # DAYS USED METHAMPHETAMINE PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 365 ............................................................................................................... 168 0.30

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 1 0.00

989 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................. 4 0.01

991 = NEVER USED METHAMPHETAMINE ................................................................ 53525 95.35

993 = DID NOT USE METHAMPHETAMINE IN THE PAST 12 MOS .......................... 2098 3.74

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 4 0.01

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 2 0.00

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 87 0.15

999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................. 247 0.44

On average, how many days did you use methamphetamine each month during the past 12 months?

(MEMONAVE)

METHDYPMO Len : 2 # DAYS PER MO USED METHAMPHETAMINE PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 30 ................................................................................................................. 115 0.20

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 2 0.00

91 = NEVER USED METHAMPHETAMINE .................................................................. 53525 95.35

93 = DID NOT USE METHAMPHETAMINE IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................ 2098 3.74

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 6 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 2 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 85 0.15

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 303 0.54

On average, how many days did you use methamphetamine each week during the past 12 months?

(MEWKAVE)

METHDYPWK Len : 2 # DAYS PER WK USED METHAMPHETAMINE PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 7 ................................................................................................................... 133 0.24

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 8 0.01

91 = NEVER USED METHAMPHETAMINE .................................................................. 53525 95.35

93 = DID NOT USE METHAMPHETAMINE IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................ 2098 3.74

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 7 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 2 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 80 0.14

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 283 0.50

METHAMPHETAMINE

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 63

Think specifically about the past 30 days, from [DATEFILL] up to and including today. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you use

methamphetamine?

(ME06)

METHAM30N Len : 2 # DAYS USED METHAMPHETAMINE PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 30 ................................................................................................................. 218 0.39

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 2 0.00

91 = NEVER USED METHAMPHETAMINE .................................................................. 53525 95.35

93 = DID NOT USE METHAMPHETAMINE IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ......................... 2301 4.10

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 1 0.00

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 2 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 87 0.15

What is your best estimate of the number of days you used methamphetamine during the past 30 days?

(ME06DKRE)

METHAM30E Len : 2 BEST ESTIMATE # DAYS USED METH PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

1 = 1 or 2 days .................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

6 = All 30 days .................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED METHAMPHETAMINE .................................................................. 53525 95.35

93 = DID NOT USE METHAMPHETAMINE IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ......................... 2301 4.10

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 2 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 89 0.16

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 217 0.39

PAIN RELIEVERS SCREENER

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 64

PAIN RELIEVERS SCREENER

Please look at the names and pictures of the pain relievers shown below.

In the past 12 months, which, if any, of these pain relievers have you used?

(PR021)

OXCNANYYR Len : 2 ANY OXYCONTIN USE PAST 12 MOS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 1558 2.78

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 1691 3.01

81 = NEVER USED PAIN RLVRS Logically assigned ..................................................... 179 0.32

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 10 0.02

91 = NEVER USED PAIN RELIEVERS ........................................................................... 27123 48.32

93 = DID NOT USE IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ............................................................. 13707 24.42

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 150 0.27

95 = I have not used any of these Pain Relievers in the past 12 months .............................. 11666 20.78

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 36 0.06

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 16 0.03

Have you ever, even once, used any prescription pain reliever?

Remember, do not report your use of "over-the-counter" pain relievers such as aspirin, Tylenol, Advil, or Aleve.

(PRLANY)

PNRANYLIF Len : 2 ANY PAIN RELIEVER USE IN LIFETIME

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 13563 24.16

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 27302 48.64

5 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED (from skip pattern) ..................................................... 14805 26.37

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 424 0.76

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 23 0.04

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 19 0.03

NOTE: PNRANYREC was created from responses of any use in the past 12 months for specific pain relievers and from PNRANYLIF for any

lifetime use of pain relievers.

PNRANYREC Len : 2 RC - MOST RECENT ANY PAIN RELIEVER USE (RECODE)

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 12 months ............................................................................................ 14805 26.37

2 = More than 12 months ago ............................................................................................. 13410 23.89

9 = Used at some point in the lifetime LOG ASSN............................................................. 153 0.27

83 = DID NOT USE PST 12 MOS (LIFETIME UNK) Log assn ....................................... 297 0.53

91 = NEVER USED PAIN RELIEVERS ........................................................................... 27302 48.64

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 169 0.30

TRANQUILIZERS SCREENER

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 65

TRANQUILIZERS SCREENER

Have you ever, even once, used any prescription tranquilizer?

(TRLANY)

TRQANYLIF Len : 2 ANY TRANQUILIZER USE IN LIFETIME

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 3826 6.82

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 45949 81.85

5 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED (from skip pattern) ..................................................... 5992 10.67

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 308 0.55

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 27 0.05

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 34 0.06

NOTE: TRQANYREC was created from responses of any use in the past 12 months for specific tranquilizers and from TRQANYLIF for any

lifetime use of tranquilizers.

TRQANYREC Len : 2 RC - MOST RECENT ANY TRANQUILIZER USE (RECODE)

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 12 months ............................................................................................ 5992 10.67

2 = More than 12 months ago ............................................................................................. 3807 6.78

9 = Used at some point in the lifetime LOG ASSN............................................................. 19 0.03

83 = DID NOT USE PST 12 MOS (LIFETIME UNK) Log assn ....................................... 224 0.40

91 = NEVER USED TRANQUILIZERS............................................................................ 45949 81.85

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 145 0.26

STIMULANTS SCREENER

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 66

STIMULANTS SCREENER

Have you ever, even once, used any prescription stimulant?

Remember, do not include "over-the-counter" stimulants such as Dexatrim, No-Doz, Hydroxycut, or 5-Hour Energy.

(STLANY)

STMANYLIF Len : 2 ANY STIMULANT USE IN LIFETIME

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 2846 5.07

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 48390 86.20

5 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED (from skip pattern) ..................................................... 4649 8.28

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 197 0.35

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 28 0.05

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 26 0.05

NOTE: STMANYREC was created from responses of any use in the past 12 months for specific stimulants and from STMANYLIF for any lifetime

use of stimulants.

STMANYREC Len : 2 RC - MOST RECENT ANY STIMULANT USE (RECODE)

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 12 months ............................................................................................ 4649 8.28

2 = More than 12 months ago ............................................................................................. 2838 5.06

9 = Used at some point in the lifetime LOG ASSN............................................................. 8 0.01

83 = DID NOT USE PST 12 MOS (LIFETIME UNK) Log assn ....................................... 119 0.21

91 = NEVER USED STIMULANTS .................................................................................. 48390 86.20

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 132 0.24

SEDATIVES SCREENER

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 67

SEDATIVES SCREENER

Have you ever, even once, used any prescription sedative?

Remember, do not include "over-the-counter" sedatives such as Sominex, Unisom, Nytol, or Benadryl.

(SVLANY)

SEDANYLIF Len : 2 ANY SEDATIVE USE IN LIFETIME

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 3127 5.57

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 50287 89.58

5 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED (from skip pattern) ..................................................... 2402 4.28

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 261 0.46

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 35 0.06

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 24 0.04

NOTE: SEDANYREC was created from responses of any use in the past 12 months for specific sedatives and from SEDANYLIF for any lifetime

use of sedatives.

SEDANYREC Len : 2 RC - MOST RECENT ANY SEDATIVE USE (RECODE)

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 12 months ............................................................................................ 2402 4.28

2 = More than 12 months ago ............................................................................................. 3109 5.54

9 = Used at some point in the lifetime LOG ASSN............................................................. 18 0.03

83 = DID NOT USE PST 12 MOS (LIFETIME UNK) Log assn ....................................... 158 0.28

91 = NEVER USED SEDATIVES ..................................................................................... 50287 89.58

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 162 0.29

PAIN RELIEVERS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 68

PAIN RELIEVERS

The next question asks about using prescription pain relievers in any way a doctor did not direct you to use them.

When you answer these questions, please think only about your use of the drug in any way a doctor did not direct you to use it, including:

• Using it without a prescription of your own

• Using it in greater amounts, more often, or longer than you were told to take it

• Using it in any other way a doctor did not direct you to use it

Have you ever, even once, used any prescription pain reliever in any way a doctor did not direct you to use it?

(PRL01, PRL02)

PNRNMLIF Len : 2 EVER USED PAIN RELIEVER NOT DIRECTED BY DR

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 3062 5.45

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 22962 40.90

5 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED (from skip pattern) ..................................................... 2167 3.86

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 11 0.02

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 27302 48.64

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 19 0.03

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 19 0.03

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 594 1.06

In the past 12 months, did you use OxyContin in any way a doctor did not direct you to use it?

(PRY06)

OXCNNMYR Len : 2 USED OXYCONTIN NOT DIRECTED BY DR PAST 12 MOS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 305 0.54

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 292 0.52

81 = NEVER MISUSED PAIN RLVRS Logically assigned .............................................. 3 0.01

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 8 0.01

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50261 89.53

93 = DID NOT USE IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ............................................................. 5182 9.23

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 1 0.00

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 2 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 82 0.15

Please think about the first time you ever used OxyContin in a way a doctor did not direct you to use it.

How old were you when you first used OxyContin in a way a doctor did not direct you to use it?

(PRY06A)

OXCNNMAGE Len : 3 AGE 1ST USED OXYCONTIN NOT DIRECTED BY DR

Freq Pct

RANGE = 9 - 68 ................................................................................................................. 298 0.53

981 = NEVER USED PAIN RLVRS Logically assigned ................................................... 3 0.01

985 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ............................................................................... 2 0.00

991 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ....................................................... 50261 89.53

993 = DID NOT USE IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ........................................................... 5474 9.75

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 4 0.01

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 3 0.01

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 91 0.16

Did you first use OxyContin in a way a doctor did not direct you to use it in [CURRENT YEAR - 1] or [CURRENT YEAR]?

Did you first use OxyContin in a way a doctor did not direct you to use it in [CURRENT YEAR - 2] or [CURRENT YEAR - 1]?

(PRY06B, PRY06C, PRY06D)

OXCNNMYFU Len : 4 YEAR 1ST USED OXYCONTIN NOT DIRECTED BY DR

Freq Pct

RANGE = 2017 - 2019 ....................................................................................................... 72 0.13

9981 = NEVER USED PAIN RLVRS Logically assigned ................................................. 3 0.01

9989 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned ................................................................ 2 0.00

9991 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ..................................................... 50261 89.53

9993 = DID NOT USE IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ......................................................... 5474 9.75

9994 = DON'T KNOW ....................................................................................................... 1 0.00

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 100 0.18

9999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ............................................................................................... 223 0.40

PAIN RELIEVERS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 69

Earlier, you reported that you first used OxyContin in a way a doctor did not direct you to use it when you were [FILL] years old. Based on your

date of birth, you turned [FILL] in [FILL].

In what month in [FILL] did you first use OxyContin in a way a doctor did not direct you to use it?

(PRY06D)

OXCNNMMFU Len : 2 MONTH 1ST USED OXYCONTIN NOT DIRECTED BY DR

Freq Pct

1 = January.......................................................................................................................... 5 0.01

2 = February ........................................................................................................................ 7 0.01

3 = March............................................................................................................................ 3 0.01

4 = April ............................................................................................................................. 7 0.01

5 = May ............................................................................................................................... 6 0.01

6 = June ............................................................................................................................... 5 0.01

7 = July ............................................................................................................................... 6 0.01

8 = August .......................................................................................................................... 8 0.01

10 = October ....................................................................................................................... 7 0.01

11 = November ................................................................................................................... 4 0.01

12 = December .................................................................................................................... 7 0.01

81 = NEVER USED PAIN RLVRS Logically assigned ..................................................... 3 0.01

89 = LEGITIMATE SKIP Logically assigned .................................................................... 2 0.00

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50261 89.53

93 = DID NOT USE IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ............................................................. 5474 9.75

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 5 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 2 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 101 0.18

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 223 0.40

NOTE: The variable PNRNMREC is a recoded variable that was created from PNRNMLIF, the 12-month misuse variables of specific pain

relievers, and PNRLVNM30DY.

PNRNMREC Len : 2 RC - MOST RECENT PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE (RECODE)

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 30 days ................................................................................................. 576 1.03

2 = More than 30 days ago but within the past 12 mos ....................................................... 1581 2.82

3 = More than 12 months ago ............................................................................................. 3033 5.40

8 = Misused at some point in past 12 mos LOG ASSN....................................................... 10 0.02

9 = Misused at some point in lifetime LOG ASSN ............................................................. 29 0.05

83 = DID NOT MISUSE PST 12 MOS (LIFETIME UNK) Log assn ................................ 448 0.80

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50264 89.54

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 195 0.35

NOTE: PNRNMINIT is "reverse coded" from the answers in PRL03. PRL03=1 (yes) was recoded to 2 in PNRNMINIT because this answer means

that the respondent misused pain relievers before the past 12 months (and therefore is not a past year initiate for misuse of pain relievers). PRL03=2

(no) was recoded to 1 in PNRNMINIT because this answer means that the respondent did not misuse pain relievers before the past 12 months (and

therefore is a past year initiate for misuse of pain relievers).

Earlier questions were about the past 12 months. This question is about any time before then, that is, any time in your life before [DATEFILL].

At any time before [DATEFILL], did you ever use any prescription pain reliever in a way a doctor did not direct you to use it?

(PRL03)

PNRNMINIT Len : 2 PAST YEAR INITIATE FOR ANY PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE

Freq Pct

1 = Past year initiate ............................................................................................................ 438 0.78

2 = Not a past year initiate .................................................................................................. 149 0.27

4 = Not past yr initiate LOG ASSN (from skip pattern) ...................................................... 1566 2.79

83 = NOT PAST YR INITIATE (AT-RISK STATUS UNKNOWN) ................................ 448 0.80

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50264 89.54

93 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................. 3033 5.40

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 8 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 6 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 224 0.40

PAIN RELIEVERS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 70

NOTE: The variables PNRNMAGE, PNRNMYFU, and PNRNMMFU show the age, year, and month of first misuse, respectively, for respondents

who initiated misuse of pain relievers in the 12 months prior to being interviewed (PNRNMINIT=1).

PNRNMAGE Len : 3 RC - AGE AT 1ST MISUSE FOR PAST YR PNRLV INITIATES

Freq Pct

RANGE = 11 - 83 ............................................................................................................... 317 0.56

983 = NOT A PAST YEAR INITIATE Log assn ............................................................... 448 0.80

991 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ....................................................... 50264 89.54

993 = NOT A PAST YEAR INITIATE .............................................................................. 4748 8.46

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 359 0.64

PNRNMYFU Len : 4 RC - YR 1ST MISUSED FOR PAST YR PAIN RLVR INITIATES

Freq Pct

RANGE = 2018 - 2019 ....................................................................................................... 315 0.56

9983 = NOT A PAST YEAR INITIATE Logically assigned.............................................. 448 0.80

9991 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ..................................................... 50264 89.54

9993 = NOT A PAST YEAR INITIATE ............................................................................ 4748 8.46

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 361 0.64

PNRNMMFU Len : 2 RC - MO 1ST MISUSED FOR PAST YR PAIN RLVR INITIATES

Freq Pct

1 = January.......................................................................................................................... 20 0.04

2 = February ........................................................................................................................ 25 0.04

3 = March............................................................................................................................ 19 0.03

4 = April ............................................................................................................................. 25 0.04

5 = May ............................................................................................................................... 34 0.06

6 = June ............................................................................................................................... 26 0.05

7 = July ............................................................................................................................... 26 0.05

8 = August .......................................................................................................................... 20 0.04

9 = September ..................................................................................................................... 27 0.05

10 = October ....................................................................................................................... 32 0.06

11 = November ................................................................................................................... 19 0.03

12 = December .................................................................................................................... 29 0.05

83 = NOT A PAST YEAR INITIATE Logically assigned ................................................. 448 0.80

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50264 89.54

93 = NOT A PAST YEAR INITIATE ................................................................................ 4748 8.46

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 374 0.67

In the past 30 days, that is, from [DATEFILL] up to and including today, did you use [PRNAMEFILL] in any way a doctor did not direct you to

use [PRNUMFILL]?

(PRM01)

PNRNM30D Len : 2 USED PAIN RLVR NOT DIRECTED BY DR PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 536 0.95

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 1581 2.82

5 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED (from PR30ANYINIT=1) .......................................... 40 0.07

83 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS PST 30 DYS Log assn ................................ 138 0.25

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 7 0.01

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50264 89.54

93 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ........................... 3343 5.96

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 7 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 217 0.39

During the past 30 days, on how many days did you use [PRNAMEFILL] in any way a doctor did not direct you to use [PRNUMFILL]?

(PRM02)

PNRNM30FQ Len : 2 # DAYS USED PAIN RLVR NOT DIRECTD BY DR PST 30 DYS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 30 ................................................................................................................. 557 0.99

83 = DID NOT USE PAIN REL IN THE PAST 12 MOS Log assn ................................... 34 0.06

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 5 0.01

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50264 89.54

93 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ........................... 5028 8.96

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 10 0.02

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 9 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 229 0.41

PAIN RELIEVERS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 71

What is your best estimate of the number of days you used [PRNAMEFILL] in any way a doctor did not direct you to use [PRNUMFILL] during

the past 30 days?

(PRM02DKRE)

PNRNM30ES Len : 2 EST # DAYS USED PAIN RLVR NOT DIRECTED PST 30 DYS

Freq Pct

1 = 1 or 2 days .................................................................................................................... 5 0.01

2 = 3 to 5 days ..................................................................................................................... 2 0.00

3 = 6 to 9 days ..................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

5 = 20 to 29 days ................................................................................................................. 2 0.00

6 = All 30 days .................................................................................................................... 3 0.01

83 = DID NOT USE PAIN REL IN THE PAST 12 MOS Log assn ................................... 4 0.01

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50264 89.54

93 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ........................... 5058 9.01

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 2 0.00

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 4 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 234 0.42

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 557 0.99

NOTE: Responses of "yes" in PNRNM30AL were assigned a code of 11 when respondents reported that they misused pain relievers with alcohol in

the past 30 days but there was some question from the edited alcohol data about whether they used alcohol in the past 30 days. Analysts are

encouraged to check the value of the final imputed alcohol recency IRALCRC when PNRNM30AL=11 to determine whether IRALCRC was

assigned a value to indicate that the most recent use of alcohol was within the past 30 days or was more than 30 days ago but within the past 12

months.

During the past 30 days, did you use [PRNAMEFILL] in any way a doctor did not direct you to use [PRNUMFILL] while you were drinking

alcohol or within a couple of hours of drinking?

(PRM03)

PNRNM30AL Len : 2 USED PAIN RLVR NOT DIRECTED BY DR W/ALC PST 30 DYS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 150 0.27

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 203 0.36

83 = DID NOT USE PAIN REL IN THE PAST 12 MOS Log assn ................................... 13 0.02

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 4 0.01

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50264 89.54

93 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ........................... 5049 8.99

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 1 0.00

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 237 0.42

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 214 0.38

Which of these statements describe your use of it/them at any time in the past 12 months?

To select more than one statement, press the space bar between the numbers. When you have finished, press [ENTER].

(PRYWAYS1)

PNRWYNORX Len : 2 USED PAIN RLVR W/O OWN RX PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 1292 2.30

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 760 1.35

83 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS IN PST 30 days Log assn ........................... 82 0.15

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 4 0.01

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50264 89.54

93 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................. 3399 6.05

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 63 0.11

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 52 0.09

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 220 0.39

PAIN RELIEVERS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 72

(PRYWAYS2)

PNRWYGAMT Len : 2 USED PAIN RLVR IN GREATER AMTS THAN RX PST 12 MOS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 372 0.66

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 1681 2.99

83 = DID NOT USE PAIN REL IN THE PAST 12 MOS Log assn ................................... 39 0.07

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 2 0.00

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50264 89.54

93 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................. 3442 6.13

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 63 0.11

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 52 0.09

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 221 0.39

(PRYWAYS3)

PNRWYOFTN Len : 2 USED PAIN RLVR MORE OFTEN THAN RX PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 262 0.47

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 1791 3.19

83 = DID NOT USE PAIN REL IN THE PAST 12 MOS logically assigned ..................... 37 0.07

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50264 89.54

93 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................. 3444 6.14

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 63 0.11

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 52 0.09

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 222 0.40

(PRYWAYS4)

PNRWYLNGR Len : 2 USED PAIN RLVR LONGER THAN RX PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 241 0.43

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 1812 3.23

83 = DID NOT USE PAIN RELIEVERS PST 12 MOS Log assn ...................................... 42 0.07

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50264 89.54

93 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................. 3439 6.13

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 63 0.11

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 52 0.09

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 223 0.40

(PRYWAYS5)

PNRWYOTWY Len : 2 USED PAIN RLVR OTHER WAY NOT DIRECTED PST 12 MOS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 505 0.90

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 1548 2.76

83 = DID NOT USE PAIN RELIEVERS PST 12 MOS Log assn ...................................... 55 0.10

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50264 89.54

93 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................. 3426 6.10

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 63 0.11

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 52 0.09

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 223 0.40

PAIN RELIEVERS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 73

Now think about the last time you used a prescription pain reliever in any way a doctor did not direct you to use it.

Which of these pain relievers did you use the last time? If you used more than one pain reliever the last time, please choose one pain reliever as

your best answer.

(RPRYLAST)

PNRNMLAS1 Len : 2 LAST PAIN RLVR USED NOT DIRECTED BY DR PST 12 MOS

Freq Pct

1 = Vicodin ......................................................................................................................... 172 0.31

2 = Lortab ........................................................................................................................... 62 0.11

3 = Norco ............................................................................................................................ 99 0.18

4 = Zohydro ER .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

5 = Hydrocodone (generic) ................................................................................................. 381 0.68

6 = OxyContin .................................................................................................................... 91 0.16

7 = Percocet ........................................................................................................................ 219 0.39

8 = Percodan ....................................................................................................................... 6 0.01

9 = Roxicodone ................................................................................................................... 20 0.04

10 = Oxycodone (generic) ................................................................................................... 156 0.28

11 = Ultram ......................................................................................................................... 8 0.01

13 = Ultracet ....................................................................................................................... 3 0.01

14 = Tramadol (generic) ..................................................................................................... 164 0.29

15 = Extended-release tramadol (generic) ........................................................................... 4 0.01

16 = Tylenol with codeine 3 or 4 (NOT over-the-counter Tylenol) .................................... 317 0.56

17 = Codeine pills (generic) ................................................................................................ 40 0.07

18 = Avinza ........................................................................................................................ 1 0.00

19 = Kadian ........................................................................................................................ 1 0.00

21 = Morphine (generic) ..................................................................................................... 22 0.04

22 = Extended-release morphine (generic) .......................................................................... 6 0.01

23 = Duragesic .................................................................................................................... 2 0.00

24 = Fentora ........................................................................................................................ 1 0.00

25 = Fentanyl (generic) ....................................................................................................... 24 0.04

26 = Suboxone .................................................................................................................... 66 0.12

27 = Buprenorphine (generic) ............................................................................................. 16 0.03

28 = Buprenorphine plus naloxone (generic) ...................................................................... 6 0.01

29 = Opana.......................................................................................................................... 3 0.01

31 = Oxymorphone (generic) .............................................................................................. 3 0.01

32 = Extended-release oxymorphone (generic) ................................................................... 1 0.00

33 = Demerol ...................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

34 = Dilaudid or hydromorphone ........................................................................................ 11 0.02

35 = Exalgo or extended-release hydromorphone ............................................................... 1 0.00

36 = Methadone ..................................................................................................................

4 0.02

37 = Some other pain reliever ............................................................................................. 219 0.39

83 = DID NOT MISUSE IN THE PST 12 MOS Logically assigned .................................. 139 0.25

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 12 0.02

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50264 89.54

93 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................. 3342 5.95

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 14 0.02

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 7 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 217 0.39

Now think about the last time you used [PRLASTFILL2] in any way a doctor did not direct you to use it/them.

What were the reasons you used [PRLASTFILL2] the last time?

(PRYMOTV1)

PNRRSPAIN Len : 2 USED LAST PAIN RLVR (NOT DIRECTED) TO RLV PAIN

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 1429 2.55

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 668 1.19

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 18 0.03

83 = DID NOT USE PAIN RELIEVERS PST 12 MOS Log assn ...................................... 123 0.22

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 3 0.01

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50264 89.54

93 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................. 3358 5.98

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 19 0.03

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 33 0.06

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 221 0.39

PAIN RELIEVERS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 74

(PRYMOTV2)

PNRRSRELX Len : 2 USED LAST PAIN RLVR (NOT DIRECTED) TO RELAX

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 539 0.96

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 1576 2.81

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 1 0.00

83 = DID NOT USE PAIN RELIEVERS PST 12 MOS Log assn ...................................... 24 0.04

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 3 0.01

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50264 89.54

93 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................. 3457 6.16

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 19 0.03

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 33 0.06

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 220 0.39

(PRYMOTV3)

PNRRSEXPT Len : 2 USED LAST PAIN RLVR (NOT DIRECTED) TO EXPERIMENT

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 150 0.27

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 1962 3.50

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 4 0.01

83 = DID NOT USE PAIN RELIEVERS PST 12 MOS Log assn ...................................... 10 0.02

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50264 89.54

93 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................. 3471 6.18

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 19 0.03

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 33 0.06

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 223 0.40

(PRYMOTV4)

PNRRSHIGH Len : 2 USED LAST PAIN RLVR (NOT DIRECTED) TO GET HIGH

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 464 0.83

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 1645 2.93

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 7 0.01

83 = DID NOT USE PAIN RELIEVERS PST 12 MOS Log assn ...................................... 10 0.02

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50264 89.54

93 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................. 3471 6.18

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 19 0.03

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 33 0.06

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 223 0.40

(PRYMOTV5)

PNRRSSLEP Len : 2 USED LAST PAIN RLVR (NOT DIRECTED) FOR SLEEP

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 342 0.61

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 1773 3.16

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 1 0.00

83 = DID NOT USE PAIN RELIEVERS PST 12 MOS Log assn ...................................... 20 0.04

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50264 89.54

93 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................. 3461 6.17

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 19 0.03

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 33 0.06

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 223 0.40

(PRYMOTV6)

PNRRSEMOT Len : 2 USED LAST PAIN RLVR (NOT DIRECTED) FOR EMOTIONS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 261 0.46

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 1854 3.30

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 1 0.00

83 = DID NOT USE PAIN RELIEVERS PST 12 MOS Log assn ...................................... 11 0.02

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50264 89.54

93 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................. 3470 6.18

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 19 0.03

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 33 0.06

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 223 0.40

PAIN RELIEVERS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 75

(PRYMOTV7)

PNRRSDGFX Len : 2 USED LAST PAIN RLVR (NOT DIRECTED) OTH DRUG EFFECT

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 62 0.11

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 2054 3.66

83 = DID NOT USE PAIN RELIEVERS PST 12 MOS Log assn ...................................... 7 0.01

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50264 89.54

93 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................. 3474 6.19

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 19 0.03

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 33 0.06

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 223 0.40

(PRYMOTV8)

PNRRSHOOK Len : 2 USED LAST PAIN RLVR (NOT DIRECTED) BECAUSE HOOKED

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 71 0.13

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 2043 3.64

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 2 0.00

83 = DID NOT USE PAIN RELIEVERS PST 12 MOS Log assn ...................................... 8 0.01

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50264 89.54

93 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................. 3473 6.19

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 19 0.03

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 33 0.06

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 222 0.40

(PRYMOTV9)

PNRRSSOR Len : 2 USED LAST PAIN RLVR (NOT DIRECTED) OTHER REASON

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 89 0.16

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 2027 3.61

83 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELEIVERS IN PAST 12 mos Log assn ......................... 21 0.04

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50264 89.54

93 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................. 3460 6.16

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 19 0.03

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 33 0.06

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 223 0.40

Please type in the other reason you used [PRLASTFILL2] the last time. When you have finished typing your answer, press [ENTER] to go to the

next question.

(PRMOTOTSC)

PNRRSOTRS2 Len : 3 REASON USED LAST PAIN RLVR (NOT DIRECTED)

Freq Pct

1 = To relieve physical pain ................................................................................................ 24 0.04

2 = To relax or relieve tension ............................................................................................ 1 0.00

3 = To experiment or to see what it's/they're like ................................................................ 4 0.01

4 = To feel good or get high ................................................................................................ 9 0.02

5 = To help with my sleep ................................................................................................... 1 0.00

6 = To help me with my feelings or emotions ..................................................................... 2 0.00

8 = Because I am "hooked" or I have to have it/them ......................................................... 2 0.00

13 = I used it/them for some other reason ........................................................................... 12 0.02

14 = For cold/flu/fever/sick; pain not specified ................................................................... 4 0.01

16 = Suicide attempt/suicidal thoughts ............................................................................... 4 0.01

26 = To replace another/other drug(s) I am addicted to ....................................................... 5 0.01

71 = They are prescribed to me; misuse not indicated ......................................................... 3 0.01

983 = DID NOT USE PAIN REL IN THE PAST 12 MOS Logically assigned .................. 14 0.02

985 = BAD DATA (logically assigned) .............................................................................. 7 0.01

991 = NEVER USED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................................... 50264 89.54

993 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS IN THE PAST 12 MOS............................ 3467 6.18

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 7 0.01

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 4 0.01

998 = BLANK (no answer) ................................................................................................. 275 0.49

999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................. 2027 3.61

PAIN RELIEVERS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 76

Which was the main reason you used [PRLASTFILL2] the last time?

(RPRYMOT1)

PNRRSMAIN Len : 2 MAIN REASON USED LAST PAIN RLVR (NOT DIRECTED)

Freq Pct

1 = To relieve physical pain ................................................................................................ 284 0.51

2 = To relax or relieve tension ............................................................................................ 82 0.15

3 = To experiment or to see what it was/they were like ...................................................... 28 0.05

4 = To feel good or get high ................................................................................................ 121 0.22

5 = To help with my sleep ................................................................................................... 39 0.07

6 = To help me with my feelings or emotions ..................................................................... 65 0.12

7 = To increase or decrease the effect(s) of some other drug .............................................. 9 0.02

8 = Because I am 'hooked' or I have to have it/them ........................................................... 22 0.04

9 = The other reason I reported ........................................................................................... 4 0.01

11 = To relieve physical pain LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................. 2 0.00

83 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELEIVERS IN PAST 12 mos Log assn ......................... 19 0.03

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED PAIN RELIEVERS ......................................................... 50264 89.54

93 = DID NOT MISUSE PAIN RELIEVERS IN THE PAST 12 MOS ............................. 3462 6.17

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 275 0.49

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 1459 2.60

NOTE: PNRNORXFG is set to 1 when respondents reported that the only way they misused pain relievers in the past year was without a

prescription. These respondents also reported that the last pain reliever they misused was obtained through a prescription (a) from one doctor or (b)

from more than one doctor.

PNRNORXFG Len : 2 ONLY PST YR MISUSE W/O RX BUT RX FOR LAST PNR

Freq Pct

1 = Only misuse w/o Rx but reported last drug gotten with Rx ........................................... 140 0.25

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 55996 99.75

TRANQUILIZERS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 77

TRANQUILIZERS

The next question asks about using prescription tranquilizers in any way a doctor did not direct you to use them.

When you answer these questions, please think only about your use of the drug in any way a doctor did not direct you to use it, including:

• Using it without a prescription of your own

• Using it in greater amounts, more often, or longer than you were told to take it

• Using it in any other way a doctor did not direct you to use it

Have you ever, even once, used any prescription tranquilizer in any way a doctor did not direct you to use it?

(TRL01, TRL02)

TRQNMLIF Len : 2 EVER USED TRANQUILIZER NOT DIRECTED BY DR

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 1115 1.99

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 7426 13.23

5 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED (from skip pattern) ..................................................... 1258 2.24

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 25 0.04

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ......................................................... 45949 81.85

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 12 0.02

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 7 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 344 0.61

NOTE: The variable TRQNMREC is a recoded variable that was created from TRQNMLIF, the 12-month misuse variables of specific

tranquilizers, and TRANQNM30DY.

TRQNMREC Len : 2 RC - MOST RECENT TRANQUILIZER MISUSE (RECODE)

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 30 days ................................................................................................. 371 0.66

2 = More than 30 days ago but within the past 12 mos ....................................................... 882 1.57

3 = More than 12 months ago ............................................................................................. 1112 1.98

8 = Misused at some point in past 12 mos LOG ASSN....................................................... 5 0.01

9 = Misused at some point in lifetime LOG ASSN ............................................................. 3 0.01

83 = DID NOT MISUSE PST 12 MOS (LIFETIME UNK) Log assn ................................ 235 0.42

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ......................................................... 53375 95.08

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 153 0.27

NOTE: TRQNMINIT is "reverse coded" from the answers in TRL03. TRL03=1 (yes) was recoded to 2 in TRQNMINIT because this answer means

that the respondent misused tranquilizers before the past 12 months (and therefore is not a past year initiate for misuse of tranquilizers). TRL03=2

(no) was recoded to 1 in TRQNMINIT because this answer means that the respondent did not misuse tranquilizers before the past 12 months (and

therefore is a past year initiate for misuse of tranquilizers).

Earlier questions were about the past 12 months. This question is about any time before then, that is, any time in your life before [DATEFILL].

At any time before [DATEFILL], did you ever use any prescription tranquilizer in a way a doctor did not direct you to use it?

(TRL03)

TRQNMINIT Len : 2 PAST YEAR INITIATE FOR ANY TRANQUILIZER MISUSE

Freq Pct

1 = Past year initiate ............................................................................................................ 289 0.51

2 = Not a past year initiate .................................................................................................. 64 0.11

4 = Not past yr initiate LOG ASSN (from skip pattern) ...................................................... 898 1.60

83 = NOT PAST YR INITIATE (AT-RISK STATUS UNKNOWN) ................................ 235 0.42

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ......................................................... 53375 95.08

93 = DID NOT MISUSE TRANQUILIZERS IN THE PAST 12 MOS .............................. 1112 1.98

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 4 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 156 0.28

NOTE: The variables TRQNMAGE, TRQNMYFU, and TRQNMMFU show the age, year, and month of first misuse, respectively, for respondents

who initiated misuse of tranquilizers in the 12 months prior to being interviewed (TRQNMINIT=1).

TRQNMAGE Len : 3 RC - AGE AT 1ST MISUSE FOR PAST YR TRANQ INITIATES

Freq Pct

RANGE = 12 - 72 ............................................................................................................... 271 0.48

983 = NOT A PAST YEAR INITIATE Log assn ............................................................... 235 0.42

991 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ....................................................... 53375 95.08

993 = NOT A PAST YEAR INITIATE .............................................................................. 2074 3.69

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 181 0.32

TRANQUILIZERS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 78

TRQNMYFU Len : 4 RC - YR 1ST MISUSED FOR PAST YR TRANQ INITIATES

Freq Pct

RANGE = 2018 - 2019 ....................................................................................................... 270 0.48

9983 = NOT A PAST YEAR INITIATE Logically assigned.............................................. 235 0.42

9991 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ..................................................... 53375 95.08

9993 = NOT A PAST YEAR INITIATE ............................................................................ 2074 3.69

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 182 0.32

TRQNMMFU Len : 2 RC - MO 1ST MISUSED FOR PAST YR TRANQ INITIATES

Freq Pct

1 = January.......................................................................................................................... 26 0.05

2 = February ........................................................................................................................ 19 0.03

3 = March............................................................................................................................ 24 0.04

4 = April ............................................................................................................................. 20 0.04

5 = May ............................................................................................................................... 24 0.04

6 = June ............................................................................................................................... 20 0.04

7 = July ............................................................................................................................... 19 0.03

8 = August .......................................................................................................................... 14 0.02

9 = September ..................................................................................................................... 26 0.05

10 = October ....................................................................................................................... 24 0.04

11 = November ................................................................................................................... 24 0.04

12 = December .................................................................................................................... 20 0.04

83 = NOT A PAST YEAR INITIATE Logically assigned ................................................. 235 0.42

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ......................................................... 53375 95.08

93 = NOT A PAST YEAR INITIATE ................................................................................ 2074 3.69

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 192 0.34

In the past 30 days, that is, from [DATEFILL] up to and including today, did you use [TRNAMEFILL] in any way a doctor did not direct you to

use [TRNUMFILL]?

(TRM01)

TRQNM30D Len : 2 USED TRANQ NOT DIRECTED BY DR PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 342 0.61

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 882 1.57

5 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 29 0.05

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 6 0.01

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ......................................................... 53375 95.08

93 = DID NOT MISUSE TRANQUILIZERS IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ............................ 1347 2.40

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 1 0.00

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 4 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 150 0.27

During the past 30 days, on how many days did you use [TRNAMEFILL] in any way a doctor did not direct you to use [TRNUMFILL]?

(TRM02)

TRQNM30FQ Len : 2 # DAYS USED TRANQ NOT DIRECTD BY DR PST 30 DYS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 30 ................................................................................................................. 367 0.65

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 4 0.01

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ......................................................... 53375 95.08

93 = DID NOT MISUSE TRANQUILIZERS IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ............................ 2229 3.97

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 2 0.00

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 2 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 157 0.28

What is your best estimate of the number of days you used [TRNAMEFILL] in any way a doctor did not direct you to use [TRNUMFILL] during

the past 30 days?

(TRM02DKRE)

TRQNM30ES Len : 2 EST # DAYS USED TRANQ NOT DIRECTED PST 30 DYS

Freq Pct

2 = 3 to 5 days ..................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

3 = 6 to 9 days ..................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ......................................................... 53375 95.08

93 = DID NOT MISUSE TRANQUILIZERS IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ............................ 2229 3.97

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 2 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 161 0.29

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 367 0.65

TRANQUILIZERS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 79

NOTE: Responses of "yes" in TRQNM30AL were assigned a code of 11 when respondents reported that they misused tranquilizers with alcohol in

the past 30 days but there was some question from the edited alcohol data about whether they used alcohol in the past 30 days. Analysts are

encouraged to check the value of the final imputed alcohol recency IRALCRC when TRQNM30AL=11 to determine whether IRALCRC was

assigned a value to indicate that the most recent use of alcohol was within the past 30 days or was more than 30 days ago but within the past 12

months.

During the past 30 days, did you use [TRNAMEFILL] in any way a doctor did not direct you to use [TRNUMFILL] while you were drinking

alcohol or within a couple of hours of drinking?

(TRM03)

TRQNM30AL Len : 2 USED TRANQ NOT DIRECTED BY DR W/ALC PST 30 DYS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 131 0.23

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 139 0.25

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 3 0.01

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ......................................................... 53375 95.08

93 = DID NOT MISUSE TRANQUILIZERS IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ............................ 2229 3.97

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 159 0.28

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 100 0.18

Which of these statements describe your use of [TRNAMEFILL] at any time in the past 12 months?

(TRYWAYS1)

TRQWYNORX Len : 2 USED TRANQ W/O OWN RX PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 922 1.64

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 315 0.56

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 5 0.01

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ......................................................... 53375 95.08

93 = DID NOT MISUSE TRANQUILIZERS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ...................... 1347 2.40

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 12 0.02

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 9 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 151 0.27

(TRYWAYS2)

TRQWYGAMT Len : 2 USED TRANQ IN GREATER AMTS THAN RX PST 12 MOS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 184 0.33

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 1053 1.88

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 3 0.01

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ......................................................... 53375 95.08

93 = DID NOT MISUSE TRANQUILIZERS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ...................... 1347 2.40

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 12 0.02

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 9 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 153 0.27

(TRYWAYS3)

TRQWYOFTN Len : 2 USED TRANQ MORE OFTEN THAN RX PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 120 0.21

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 1117 1.99

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ......................................................... 53375 95.08

93 = DID NOT MISUSE TRANQUILIZERS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ...................... 1347 2.40

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 12 0.02

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 9 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 155 0.28

(TRYWAYS4)

TRQWYLNGR Len : 2 USED TRANQ LONGER THAN RX PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 65 0.12

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 1172 2.09

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ......................................................... 53375 95.08

93 = DID NOT MISUSE TRANQUILIZERS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ...................... 1347 2.40

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 12 0.02

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 9 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 155 0.28

TRANQUILIZERS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 80

(TRYWAYS5)

TRQWYOTWY Len : 2 USED TRANQ OTHER WAY NOT DIRECTED PST 12 MOS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 242 0.43

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 995 1.77

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ......................................................... 53375 95.08

93 = DID NOT MISUSE TRANQUILIZERS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ...................... 1347 2.40

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 12 0.02

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 9 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 155 0.28

Now think about the last time you used a prescription tranquilizer in any way a doctor did not direct you to use it.

Which of these tranquilizers did you use the last time? If you used more than one tranquilizer the last time, please choose one tranquilizer as your

best answer.

(RTRYLAST)

TRQNMLAS1 Len : 2 LAST TRANQ USED NOT DIRECTED BY DR PST 12 MOS

Freq Pct

1 = Xanax............................................................................................................................ 785 1.40

2 = Xanax XR ..................................................................................................................... 9 0.02

3 = Alprazolam (generic) .................................................................................................... 92 0.16

4 = Extended-release alprazolam (generic) ......................................................................... 6 0.01

5 = Ativan ........................................................................................................................... 30 0.05

6 = Klonopin ....................................................................................................................... 58 0.10

7 = Lorazepam (generic) ..................................................................................................... 64 0.11

8 = Clonazepam (generic) ................................................................................................... 53 0.09

9 = Valium .......................................................................................................................... 40 0.07

10 = Diazepam (generic) ..................................................................................................... 28 0.05

11 = Cyclobenzaprine (generic), also known as Flexeril ..................................................... 45 0.08

12 = Soma ........................................................................................................................... 18 0.03

13 = Some other tranquilizer ............................................................................................... 27 0.05

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 7 0.01

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ......................................................... 53375 95.08

93 = DID NOT MISUSE TRANQUILIZERS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ...................... 1347 2.40

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 1 0.00

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 2 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 149 0.27

Now think about the last time you used [TRLASTFILL2] in any way a doctor did not direct you to use it/them.

What were the reasons you used [TRLASTFILL2] the last time?

(TRYMOTIV1)

TRQRSRELX Len : 2 USED LAST TRANQ (NOT DIRECTED) TO RELAX

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 718 1.28

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 519 0.92

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 13 0.02

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 2 0.00

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ......................................................... 53375 95.08

93 = DID NOT MISUSE TRANQUILIZERS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ...................... 1347 2.40

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 5 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 154 0.27

(TRYMOTIV2)

TRQRSEXPT Len : 2 USED LAST TRANQ (NOT DIRECTED) TO EXPERIMENT

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 191 0.34

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 1057 1.88

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 2 0.00

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 3 0.01

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ......................................................... 53375 95.08

93 = DID NOT MISUSE TRANQUILIZERS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ...................... 1347 2.40

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 5 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 153 0.27

TRANQUILIZERS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 81

(TRYMOTIV3)

TRQRSHIGH Len : 2 USED LAST TRANQ (NOT DIRECTED) TO GET HIGH

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 307 0.55

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 943 1.68

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ......................................................... 53375 95.08

93 = DID NOT MISUSE TRANQUILIZERS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ...................... 1347 2.40

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 5 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 155 0.28

(TRYMOTIV4)

TRQRSSLEP Len : 2 USED LAST TRANQ (NOT DIRECTED) FOR SLEEP

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 405 0.72

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 842 1.50

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 3 0.01

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 2 0.00

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ......................................................... 53375 95.08

93 = DID NOT MISUSE TRANQUILIZERS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ...................... 1347 2.40

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 5 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 154 0.27

(TRYMOTIV5)

TRQRSEMOT Len : 2 USED LAST TRANQ (NOT DIRECTED) FOR EMOTIONS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 350 0.62

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 898 1.60

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 2 0.00

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ......................................................... 53375 95.08

93 = DID NOT MISUSE TRANQUILIZERS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ...................... 1347 2.40

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 5 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 155 0.28

(TRYMOTIV6)

TRQRSDGFX Len : 2 USED LAST TRANQ (NOT DIRECTED) OTH DRUG EFFECT

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 64 0.11

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 1185 2.11

3 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 1 0.00

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ......................................................... 53375 95.08

93 = DID NOT MISUSE TRANQUILIZERS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ...................... 1347 2.40

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 5 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 155 0.28

(TRYMOTIV7)

TRQRSHOOK Len : 2 USED LAST TRANQ (NOT DIRECTED) BECAUSE HOOKED

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 24 0.04

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 1226 2.18

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ......................................................... 53375 95.08

93 = DID NOT MISUSE TRANQUILIZERS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ...................... 1347 2.40

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 5 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 155 0.28

TRANQUILIZERS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 82

(TRYMOTIV8)

TRQRSSOR Len : 2 USED LAST TRANQ (NOT DIRECTED) OTHER REASON

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 83 0.15

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 1167 2.08

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 3 0.01

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ......................................................... 53375 95.08

93 = DID NOT MISUSE TRANQUILIZERS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ...................... 1347 2.40

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 5 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 153 0.27

Please type in the other reason you used [TRLASTFILL2] the last time. When you have finished typing your answer, press [ENTER] to go to the

next question.

(TRMOTOT)

TRQRSOTRS2 Len : 3 REASON USED LAST TRANQ (NOT DIRECTED)

Freq Pct

1 = To relieve physical pain ................................................................................................ 13 0.02

2 = To relax or relieve tension ............................................................................................ 25 0.04

3 = To experiment or to see what it's/they're like ................................................................ 4 0.01

4 = To feel good or get high ................................................................................................ 1 0.00

5 = To help with my sleep ................................................................................................... 3 0.01

6 = To help me with my feelings or emotions ..................................................................... 3 0.01

7 = To increase/decrease effects of some other drug ........................................................... 1 0.00

13 = I used it/them for some other reason ........................................................................... 13 0.02

16 = Suicide attempt/suicidal thoughts ............................................................................... 3 0.01

18 = Peer pressure/friends/feel cool .................................................................................... 5 0.01

22 = To prevent/treat anxiety/panic attacks ......................................................................... 4 0.01

985 = BAD DATA (logically assigned) .............................................................................. 7 0.01

991 = NEVER USED TRANQUILIZERS .......................................................................... 53375 95.08

993 = DID NOT MISUSE TRANQUILIZERS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS .................... 1347 2.40

994 = DON'T KNOW ......................................................................................................... 2 0.00

997 = REFUSED ................................................................................................................ 1 0.00

998 = BLANK (no answer) ................................................................................................. 162 0.29

999 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................. 1167 2.08

Which was the main reason you used [TRLASTFILL2] the last time?

(RTRYMOT1)

TRQRSMAIN Len : 2 MAIN REASON USED LAST TRANQ (NOT DIRECTED)

Freq Pct

1 = To relax or relieve tension ............................................................................................ 179 0.32

2 = To experiment or to see what it was/they were like ...................................................... 40 0.07

3 = To feel good or get high ................................................................................................ 69 0.12

4 = To help with my sleep ................................................................................................... 66 0.12

5 = To help me with my feelings or emotions ..................................................................... 109 0.19

6 = To increase or decrease the effect(s) of some other drug .............................................. 11 0.02

7 = Because I am 'hooked' or I have to have it/them ........................................................... 4 0.01

8 = The other reason I reported ........................................................................................... 8 0.01

11 = To relax or relieve tension LOGICALLY ASSIGNED ............................................... 6 0.01

13 = To feel good or get high LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................. 1 0.00

15 = To help with feelings/emotions LOGICALLY ASSIGNED ....................................... 1 0.00

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED TRANQUILIZERS ......................................................... 53375 95.08

93 = DID NOT MISUSE TRANQUILIZERS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ...................... 1347 2.40

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 164 0.29

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 755 1.34

NOTE: TRQNORXFG is set to 1 when respondents reported that the only way they misused tranquilizers in the past year was without a

prescription. These respondents also reported that the last tranquilizer they misused was obtained through a prescription (a) from one doctor or (b)

from more than one doctor.

TRQNORXFG Len : 2 ONLY PST YR MISUSE W/O RX BUT RX FOR LAST TRANQ

Freq Pct

1 = Only misuse w/o Rx but reported last drug gotten with Rx ........................................... 28 0.05

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 56108 99.95

STIMULANTS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 83

STIMULANTS

The next question asks about using prescription stimulants in any way a doctor did not direct you to use them.

When you answer these questions, please think only about your use of the drug in any way a doctor did not direct you to use it, including:

• Using it without a prescription of your own

• Using it in greater amounts, more often, or longer than you were told to take it

• Using it in any other way a doctor did not direct you to use it

Have you ever, even once, used any prescription stimulant in any way a doctor did not direct you to use it?

(STL01, STL02)

STMNMLIF Len : 2 EVER USED STIMULANT NOT DIRECTED BY DR

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 1299 2.31

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 4703 8.38

5 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED (from skip pattern) ..................................................... 1467 2.61

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 21 0.04

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED STIMULANTS ............................................................... 48390 86.20

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 12 0.02

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 7 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 237 0.42

NOTE: The variable STMNMREC is a recoded variable that was created from STMNMLIF, the 12-month misuse variables of specific stimulants,

and STIMNM30DY.

STMNMREC Len : 2 RC - MOST RECENT STIMULANT MISUSE (RECODE)

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 30 days ................................................................................................. 419 0.75

2 = More than 30 days ago but within the past 12 mos ....................................................... 1042 1.86

3 = More than 12 months ago ............................................................................................. 1294 2.31

8 = Misused at some point in past 12 mos LOG ASSN....................................................... 6 0.01

9 = Misused at some point in lifetime LOG ASSN ............................................................. 5 0.01

83 = DID NOT MISUSE PST 12 MOS (LIFETIME UNK) Log assn ................................ 135 0.24

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED STIMULANTS ............................................................... 53093 94.58

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 142 0.25

NOTE: STMNMINIT is "reverse coded" from the answers in STL03. STL03=1 (yes) was recoded to 2 in STMNMINIT because this answer means

that the respondent misused stimulants before the past 12 months (and therefore is not a past year initiate for misuse of stimulants). STL03=2 (no)

was recoded to 1 in STMNMINIT because this answer means that the respondent did not misuse stimulants before the past 12 months (and

therefore is a past year initiate for misuse of stimulants).

Earlier questions were about the past 12 months. This question is about any time before then, that is, any time in your life before [DATEFILL].

At any time before [DATEFILL], did you ever use any prescription stimulant in a way a doctor did not direct you to use it?

(STL03)

STMNMINIT Len : 2 PAST YEAR INITIATE FOR ANY STIMULANT MISUSE

Freq Pct

1 = Past year initiate ............................................................................................................ 313 0.56

2 = Not a past year initiate .................................................................................................. 78 0.14

4 = Not past yr initiate LOG ASSN (from skip pattern) ...................................................... 1070 1.91

83 = NOT PAST YR INITIATE (AT-RISK STATUS UNKNOWN) ................................ 135 0.24

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED STIMULANTS ............................................................... 53093 94.58

93 = DID NOT MISUSE STIMULANTS IN THE PAST 12 MOS .................................... 1294 2.31

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 5 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 147 0.26

NOTE: The variables STMNMAGE, STMNMYFU, and STMNMMFU show the age, year, and month of first misuse, respectively, for respondents

who initiated misuse of stimulants in the 12 months prior to being interviewed (STMNMINIT=1).

STMNMAGE Len : 3 RC - AGE 1ST MISUSED FOR PAST YR STIM INITIATES

Freq Pct

RANGE = 11 - 69 ............................................................................................................... 301 0.54

983 = NOT A PAST YEAR INITIATE Log assn ............................................................... 135 0.24

991 = NEVER USED/MISUSED STIMULANTS ............................................................. 53093 94.58

993 = NOT A PAST YEAR INITIATE .............................................................................. 2442 4.35

998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER).......................................................................................... 165 0.29

STIMULANTS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 84

STMNMYFU Len : 4 RC - YR 1ST MISUSED FOR PAST YR STIM INITIATES

Freq Pct

RANGE = 2018 - 2019 ....................................................................................................... 301 0.54

9983 = NOT A PAST YEAR INITIATE Logically assigned.............................................. 135 0.24

9991 = NEVER USED/MISUSED STIMULANTS ........................................................... 53093 94.58

9993 = NOT A PAST YEAR INITIATE ............................................................................ 2442 4.35

9998 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................ 165 0.29

STMNMMFU Len : 2 RC - MONTH 1ST MISUSED FOR PAST YR STIM INITIATES

Freq Pct

1 = January.......................................................................................................................... 19 0.03

2 = February ........................................................................................................................ 18 0.03

3 = March............................................................................................................................ 24 0.04

4 = April ............................................................................................................................. 20 0.04

5 = May ............................................................................................................................... 33 0.06

6 = June ............................................................................................................................... 23 0.04

7 = July ............................................................................................................................... 18 0.03

8 = August .......................................................................................................................... 20 0.04

9 = September ..................................................................................................................... 27 0.05

10 = October ....................................................................................................................... 31 0.06

11 = November ................................................................................................................... 29 0.05

12 = December .................................................................................................................... 29 0.05

83 = NOT A PAST YEAR INITIATE Logically assigned ................................................. 135 0.24

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED STIMULANTS ............................................................... 53093 94.58

93 = NOT A PAST YEAR INITIATE ................................................................................ 2442 4.35

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 175 0.31

In the past 30 days, that is, from [DATEFILL] up to and including today, did you use [STNAMEFILL] in any way a doctor did not direct you to use

[STNUMFILL]?

(STM01)

STMNM30D Len : 2 USED STIMULANT NOT DIRECTED BY DR PAST 30 DAYS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 392 0.70

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 1042 1.86

5 = Yes LOGICALLY ASSIGNED .................................................................................... 27 0.05

83 = DID NOT MISUSE STIM IN THE PST 30 DAYS LOG ASSN ................................ 7 0.01

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 3 0.01

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED STIMULANTS ............................................................... 53093 94.58

93 = DID NOT MISUSE STIMULANTS IN THE PAST 30 DAYS .................................. 1422 2.53

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 3 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 144 0.26

During the past 30 days, on how many days did you use [STNAMEFILL] in any way a doctor did not direct you to use [STNUMFILL]?

(STM02)

STMNM30FQ Len : 2 # DAYS USED STIMULANT NOT DIRECTD BY DR PST 30 DYS

Freq Pct

RANGE = 1 - 30 ................................................................................................................. 417 0.74

83 = DID NOT MISUSE STIM IN THE PST 30 DAYS LOG ASSN ................................ 1 0.00

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 3 0.01

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED STIMULANTS ............................................................... 53093 94.58

93 = DID NOT MISUSE STIMULANTS IN THE PAST 30 DAYS .................................. 2470 4.40

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 1 0.00

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 150 0.27

STIMULANTS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 85

What is your best estimate of the number of days you used [STNAMEFILL] in any way a doctor did not direct you to use [STNUMFILL] during

the past 30 days?

(STM02DKRE)

STMNM30ES Len : 2 EST # DAYS USED STIMULANT NOT DIRECTED PST 30 DYS

Freq Pct

1 = 1 or 2 days .................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

5 = 20 to 29 days ................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

6 = All 30 days .................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED STIMULANTS ............................................................... 53093 94.58

93 = DID NOT MISUSE STIMULANTS IN THE PAST 30 DAYS .................................. 2471 4.40

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 153 0.27

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 416 0.74

During the past 30 days, did you use [STNAMEFILL] in any way a doctor did not direct you to use [STNUMFILL] while you were drinking

alcohol or within a couple of hours of drinking?

(STM03)

STMNM30AL Len : 2 USED STIMULANT NOT DIRECTED BY DR W/ALC PST 30 DYS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 172 0.31

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 183 0.33

83 = DID NOT MISUSE PAST 30 DAYS Logically assigned ........................................... 1 0.00

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 3 0.01

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED STIMULANTS ............................................................... 53093 94.58

93 = DID NOT MISUSE STIMULANTS IN THE PAST 30 DAYS .................................. 2470 4.40

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 1 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 152 0.27

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 61 0.11

Which of these statements describe your use of it/them at any time in the past 12 months?

To select more than one statement, press the space bar between the numbers. When you have finished, press [ENTER].

(STYWAYS1)

STMWYNORX Len : 2 USED STIMULANT W/O OWN RX PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 1122 2.00

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 317 0.56

83 = DID NOT MISUSE STIM IN THE PST 12 MOS LOG ASSN .................................. 1 0.00

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 2 0.00

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED STIMULANTS ............................................................... 53093 94.58

93 = DID NOT MISUSE STIMULANTS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ............................ 1428 2.54

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 15 0.03

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 13 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 145 0.26

(STYWAYS2)

STMWYGAMT Len : 2 USED STIMULANT IN GREATER AMTS THAN RX PST 12 MOS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 180 0.32

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 1259 2.24

83 = DID NOT MISUSE PAST 12 MOS Logically assigned ............................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED STIMULANTS ............................................................... 53093 94.58

93 = DID NOT MISUSE STIMULANTS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ............................ 1428 2.54

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 15 0.03

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 13 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 147 0.26

STIMULANTS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 86

(STYWAYS3)

STMWYOFTN Len : 2 USED STIMULANT MORE OFTEN THAN RX PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 95 0.17

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 1344 2.39

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED STIMULANTS ............................................................... 53093 94.58

93 = DID NOT MISUSE STIMULANTS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ............................ 1429 2.55

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 15 0.03

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 13 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 146 0.26

(STYWAYS4)

STMWYLNGR Len : 2 USED STIMULANT LONGER THAN RX PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 61 0.11

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 1378 2.45

83 = DID NOT MISUSE STIM IN THE PST 12 MOS LOG ASSN .................................. 2 0.00

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED STIMULANTS ............................................................... 53093 94.58

93 = DID NOT MISUSE STIMULANTS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ............................ 1427 2.54

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 15 0.03

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 13 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 147 0.26

(STYWAYS5)

STMWYOTWY Len : 2 USED STIMULANT OTHER WAY NOT DIRECTED PST 12 MOS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 263 0.47

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 1176 2.09

83 = DID NOT MISUSE STIM IN THE PST 12 MOS LOG ASSN .................................. 4 0.01

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED STIMULANTS ............................................................... 53093 94.58

93 = DID NOT MISUSE STIMULANTS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ............................ 1425 2.54

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 15 0.03

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 13 0.02

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 147 0.26

At any time in the past 12 months, did you ever use a needle to inject [STNAMEFILL] ?

(STYNDL)

STMNDLYR Len : 2 USED STIMULANT WITH A NEEDLE PAST 12 MONTHS

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 27 0.05

2 = No ................................................................................................................................. 1439 2.56

83 = DID NOT MISUSE STIM IN THE PST 12M LOG ASSN ........................................ 7 0.01

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 3 0.01

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED STIMULANTS ............................................................... 53093 94.58

93 = DID NOT MISUSE STIMULANTS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ............................ 1422 2.53

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 1 0.00

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 144 0.26

(STNDL30)

STMNDLREC Len : 2 TIME SINCE LAST USED NEEDLE TO INJECT STIMULANT

Freq Pct

1 = Within the past 30 days ................................................................................................. 6 0.01

2 = More than 30 days ago but within the past 12 months .................................................. 6 0.01

12 = More than 30 dys ago but in pst 12 mo (STMNMREC=2) ......................................... 14 0.02

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 2 0.00

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED STIMULANTS ............................................................... 53093 94.58

93 = DID NOT MISUSE STIMULANTS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ............................ 1429 2.55

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 147 0.26

99 = LEGITIMATE SKIP ................................................................................................... 1439 2.56

STIMULANTS

Codebook Creation Date: 10/9/2020 ..................................................... 87

Now think about the last time you used a prescription stimulant in any way a doctor did not direct you to use it.

Which of these stimulants did you use the last time? If you used more than one stimulant the last time, please choose one stimulant as your best

answer.

(RSTYLAST)

STMNMLAS1 Len : 2 LAST STIMULANT USED NOT DIRECTED BY DR PST 12 MOS

Freq Pct

1 = Adderall ........................................................................................................................ 900 1.60

2 = Adderall XR .................................................................................................................. 210 0.37

3 = Dexedrine ..................................................................................................................... 2 0.00

4 = Dextroamphetamine (generic) ....................................................................................... 28 0.05

5 = Mixed amphetamine-dextroamphetamine pills (generic) .............................................. 32 0.06

6 = Extend-rel amphet-dextroamp oth than Adderall XR (generic) ..................................... 15 0.03

7 = Ritalin ........................................................................................................................... 51 0.09

8 = Ritalin LA ..................................................................................................................... 4 0.01

9 = Concerta ........................................................................................................................ 25 0.04

11 = Metadate CD ............................................................................................................... 1 0.00

12 = Metadate ER ............................................................................................................... 1 0.00

13 = Methylphenidate (generic) .......................................................................................... 10 0.02

14 = Extended-release methylphenidate (generic)............................................................... 3 0.01

15 = Focalin ........................................................................................................................ 8 0.01

16 = Focalin XR .................................................................................................................. 11 0.02

17 = Dexmethylphenidate (generic) .................................................................................... 2 0.00

18 = Extended-release dexmethylphenidate (generic) ......................................................... 2 0.00

19 = Benzphetamine ........................................................................................................... 6 0.01

21 = Diethylpropion ............................................................................................................ 1 0.00

23 = Phentermine ................................................................................................................ 15 0.03

24 = Provigil ....................................................................................................................... 12 0.02

25 = Tenuate ....................................................................................................................... 1 0.00

26 = Vyvanse ...................................................................................................................... 105 0.19

27 = Some other stimulant .................................................................................................. 16 0.03

83 = DID NOT MISUSE STIM IN THE PST 12 MOS LOG ASSN .................................. 7 0.01

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 3 0.01

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED STIMULANTS ............................................................... 53093 94.58

93 = DID NOT MISUSE STIMULANTS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ............................ 1422 2.53

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 3 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 3 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 144 0.26

Now think about the last time you used [STLASTFILL2] in any way a doctor did not direct you to use it/them.

What were the reasons you used [STLASTFILL2] the last time?

(STYMOTIV1)

STMRSWGHT Len : 2 USED LAST STIMULANT (NOT DIRECTED) TO LOSE WEIGHT

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 117 0.21

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 1338 2.38

83 = DID NOT MISUSE STIM IN THE PST 12 MOS LOG ASSN .................................. 1 0.00

85 = BAD DATA Logically assigned ................................................................................. 1 0.00

91 = NEVER USED/MISUSED STIMULANTS ............................................................... 53093 94.58

93 = DID NOT MISUSE STIMULANTS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ............................ 1428 2.54

94 = DON'T KNOW ........................................................................................................... 5 0.01

97 = REFUSED .................................................................................................................. 7 0.01

98 = BLANK (NO ANSWER) ........................................................................................... 146 0.26

(STYMOTIV2)

STMRSCONC Len : 2 USED LAST STIMULANT (NOT DIRECTED) TO CONCENTRATE

Freq Pct

1 = Yes ................................................................................................................................ 764 1.36

2 = No (not entered) ............................................................................................................ 690 1.23