HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS 101:

HAZARDOUS

CHEMICALS 101:

UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENCE

BETWEEN HAZMAT, HAZCOM

AND HAZARDOUS WASTE

68328-112

HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS 101:

UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HAZMAT, HAZCOM AND HAZWASTE

More than 900,000 chemical products are used in U.S. workplaces every day and

millions of tons more are transported across the country each year. Many of these

chemicals are considered to be hazardous.





• Health hazards, such as carcinogenicity and sensitization,



• Environmental hazards, such as contaminating ground water.



is happening to the chemical; where it is; the types of containers, labels and markings;



• HAZARDCOMMUNICATION





• HAZARDOUSWASTE

by-product of a production process that no longer serves its purpose and needs to

be disposed of in accordance with the EPA.

• HAZARDOUSMATERIAL

the transport or cleanup of hazardous materials, but it can mean any aspect of

hazardous materials production, transport, use, disposal, cleanup, or emergency

response.

HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS 101:

UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HAZMAT, HAZCOM AND HAZWASTE



29 CFR 1910.1200





they work with, and how they can protect themselves from those hazards.

Further, those employees must be trained on how to work safely with and around

the hazards they are exposed to.

Chemical manufacturers and importers must evaluate the hazards of the chemicals

they produce or import, and provide hazard information through labels on shipped

containers and safety data sheets (SDSs) to downstream users.









• Obtain safety data sheets (SDSs) and labels for each hazardous chemical,

if not provided by the manufacturer, importer, or distributor.



container labeling, SDSs, and employee training.

• Communicate hazard information to employees through proper labels, SDSs,

and formal training programs.





• Operations where chemicals are only handled in sealed containers

(e.g., a warehouse).





• Maintain safety data sheets that are received and give employees

access to them, and

• Provide information and training for employees.

Employers have a responsibility to communicate

information to employees about the hazards of the

chemicals they work with.

HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS 101:

UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HAZMAT, HAZCOM AND HAZWASTE

WRITTEN PROGRAM







include the chemical inventory, which is a list of the hazardous chemicals







handle chemicals in sealed containers, such as in warehouses.

SAFETY DATA SHEETS (SDSs)



Employers must maintain an SDS for each covered hazardous chemical



work areas.

CONTAINER LABELS





information must also appear in Section 2 of the safety data sheets.

All containers of hazardous chemicals in the workplace must at a





duplicate the label elements from the original container, or you can label

workplace containers with alternatives, such as third-party systems, e.g.,



EMPLOYEE TRAINING

Employees must be trained on the hazardous chemicals in their work

area before their initial assignment and when new hazards are introduced



language that employees can understand.

Workers must be aware of the protective measures available in their

workplace, how to use or implement these measures, and who to contact

if an issue arises.

Let J. J. Keller Make

HazCom Easy!

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HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS 101:

UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HAZMAT, HAZCOM AND HAZWASTE



Hazardous wastes are substances that you may have used or produced at your facility





• Cause injury or death, or

• Damage or pollute land, air, or water.





hazardous waste rules focus on preventing waste from reaching the environment.

Hazardous waste can cause serious problems if

not properly handled and disposed of.

HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION

Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), all

generators must determine if their waste is hazardous and must

oversee the fate of the waste. Generators must ensure and fully

document that the hazardous waste that they produce is properly



degree of regulation that applies to each generator depends on the

amount of waste that a generator produces.



investigate whether the waste is a listed or characteristic hazardous



as a solid or hazardous waste.

LISTED HAZARDOUS WASTE





in the RCRA regulations, or

• Exhibits one of the characteristics described below, or

• Contains any toxic constituents that have

been shown to be harmful to health and the environment.

Is the material a

solid waste?

The waste is

subject to RCRA

Subtitle C regulation.

Is the waste

excluded from

the definition of

solid waste or

hazardous waste?

Is the waste a

listed or

characteristic

hazardous waste?

Is the waste

delisted?

YES

The material is

not subject to

RCRA

Subtitle C

regulation.

THE HAZARDOUS WASTE

IDENTIFICATION PROCESS

HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS 101:

UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HAZMAT, HAZCOM AND HAZWASTE

CHARACTERISTIC HAZARDOUS WASTE

Even if a waste does not appear on one of EPA’s lists, it is considered hazardous if the



• IGNITIBILITY:

or other solvents;

• CORROSIVITY: dissolves metals, other materials, or burns the skin, such as waste



• REACTIVITY: unstable, undergoes rapid or violent reaction with water or other

materials, such as cyanide plating wastes, waste bleaches, and other waste

oxidizers; and

• TOXICITY: harmful or fatal when swallowed or in contact with skin, or which

pollutes groundwater if it is improperly disposed of on land. Wastes are tested for



LARGE QUANTITY GENERATOR (LQG)





• Produces over 1000 kg of hazardous waste per month;

• Produces over 1 kg of acute hazardous waste per month;

• Produces over 100 kg of residue or contaminated soil from the cleanup of an acute

hazardous waste spill; OR

• Accumulates more than 6000 kg of hazardous waste on-site.

SMALL QUANTITY GENERATOR (SQG)



• Produces at least 100 but no more than 1000 kg of hazardous waste per month;



• Accumulates no more than 6000 kg of hazardous waste on-site.



waste is to be shipped over 200 miles away for treatment, storage, or disposal.





Need Help with

Hazardous Waste

Compliance?

Let an expert J. J. Keller

consultant provide the

assistance to keep you in

compliance.

844.803.0172

JJKellerC onsulting.com/OSHAprogram

HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS 101:

UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HAZMAT, HAZCOM AND HAZWASTE

SATELLITE ACCUMULATION

A hazardous waste generator may accumulate up to 55 gallons of hazardous waste



• At or near the point of hazardous waste generation, and

• Under the control of the operator of the process generating the waste.



accumulation time limit.

During accumulation in the SAA, containers must be marked with the words



ignitable, corrosive, reactive, toxic). Once the generator accumulates more 55

gallons of hazardous waste or 1 kilogram of solid acute hazardous waste, the

generator must mark the container with the date the excess began accumulating.

Within three days, the generator must move the excess waste from the SAA to a



MANIFEST



that track hazardous waste from the time it leaves the generating facility until it



the hazardous waste.







• Signature lines for all parties involved in the disposal process.

Each party that handles the waste signs the manifest and retains a copy for



processes. Once the waste reaches its destination, the receiving facility returns a



received by the designated facility. Shippers may use paper forms or may opt in to

EPA’s electronic manifest system (e-Manifest).









material that has been determined to pose an unreasonable risk to health, safety,

and property when transported in commerce, and which has been so designated.

AUTHORIZED

HAZMAT

PACKAGING

✓ Intermediate

Bulk Containers

✓ Drums

✓ Boxes

✓ Cargo Tanks

✓ Portable Tanks

✓ Cylinders

HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS 101:

UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HAZMAT, HAZCOM AND HAZWASTE



temperature materials, materials designated as hazardous under the Hazardous Materials



classes and divisions in 49 CFR 173.

Before transporting a material, the shipper must

determine if the material is considered “hazardous.”



regulating and ensuring the safe and secure movement of hazardous materials by

developing and enforcing regulations, promoting transportation emergency

preparedness, and providing safety training.





responsibility, in most cases, rests with the individual preparing the hazardous material

for transport.

PACKAGING

A packaging can be any container authorized by the regulations to contain a hazardous





and that it can withstand the conditions normally encountered in transport.









SHIPPING PAPERS/SHIPPER’S CERTIFICATION/RETENTION







or bill of lading. A hazardous waste manifest must accompany a hazardous waste shipment.











of the shipper or their agent and may be signed manually, by typewriter, or by other

mechanical

means.

Shipping papers must be retained by the carrier for one year after the material has been

accepted and by the shipper for two years after the material is accepted by the initial carrier.

HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS 101:

UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HAZMAT, HAZCOM AND HAZWASTE

Hazardous waste manifests must be retained for three years after the

material has been accepted by the initial carrier.

TRAINING



to make sure that every hazmat employee is familiar with the HMR, can





knowledgeable about emergency response, self-protection measures,

and accident prevention methods.

Hazmat employees must receive recurrent

training at least once every three years.

Before a hazmat employee performs any job function subject to the HMR



employees cannot perform any hazmat function, unless they are directly

supervised by a trained hazmat employee and training is completed in 90

days. Further, each hazmat employee must be provided with recurrent

training at least once every three years.

Hazmat employees must be tested upon completion of training.



As you can see, there are a variety of chemical rules and responsibilities



you can help keep things straight by remembering who enforces each of

the hazs – HazCom, hazardous waste, and hazmat – and at what point that





day in the same condition as they arrived to work. By complying with these

hazardous chemical regulations, you’re protecting not only your employees,

but your facility, your community, and the good name of your company.

As the nation’s leader in regulatory compliance and best practices expertise,







HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS 101:

UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HAZMAT, HAZCOM AND HAZWASTE

HOW WE CAN HELP

J. J. Keller

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hazards while simplifying your compliance tasks.

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By combining the advisory support of

our Compliance Specialists with our

online portal, you get an easier way

to manage your chemical inventory

and HazCom compliance.

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and SDS database

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provide ongoing oversight of your

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other hazards.

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management

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Since its beginning as a one-man consulting rm in 1953,

J. J. Keller & Associates, Inc. has grown to become the most respected

name in safety and regulatory compliance. Now over 1,500 associates

strong, J. J. Keller serves over 500,000 customers — including over

90% of the Fortune 1000

companies. The company’s subject-matter

expertise spans nearly 1,500 topics, and its diverse solutions include

training via online courses, streaming video or DVD; online management

tools; managed services; consulting services; online and print compliance

manuals and instructional publications; ELogs and mobile technology,

forms and supplies.

Safety professionals rely on J. J. Keller’s in-house expertise and wide

selection of products and services to reduce risk and improve regulatory

compliance, performance management, and operational eciency. For

more information, visit JJKeller.com.

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Government regulations change frequently; therefore, J. J. Keller cannot assume responsibility or be held liable for any losses associated with omissions, errors or misprinting in this publication.

This publication is designed to provide reasonably accurate information and is distributed with the understanding that J. J. Keller is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services.

If legal or other expert advice is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought.

RACHEL KRUBSACK, J. J. KELLER & ASSOCIATES, INC.

Rachel Krubsack is an Associate Editor for Workplace Safety at J. J. Keller & Associates, Inc. She

writes a monthly newsletter on employee safety training, edits two manuals – OSHA Rules for

General Industry and Hazard Communication Compliance - answers questions from subscribers,

and contributes content for other publications, including Safety Management Suite. Rachel’s topics

of expertise include hearing conservation, training requirements, bloodborne pathogens, emergency

action plans, and hazard communication.

MICHAEL ATKINSON, J. J. KELLER & ASSOCIATES, INC.

Michael joined J. J. Keller in August 2016, with 21 years of logistics experience in operations, management,

hazmat preparation, hazmat inspection, logistics, and material handling. As an Editor in the Transportation

Publishing Department of Editorial Resources, he is responsible for developing and updating content for

existing materials as well as developing new products and supporting customer solutions. Michael’s primary

responsibilities include writing the monthly Hazmat Transportation Report, serving as editor of the Hazardous

Materials Compliance Manual, the Hazmat Made Easier handbook, and a number of online products. He also

recommends and researches new products and makes revisions to existing products in the transportation line.

Michael also provides editorial support to customers by answering their questions on the dangerous goods/

hazardous materials regulations.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

ABOUT J. J. KELLER

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MISHKA BINNS, J. J. KELLER & ASSOCIATES, INC.

Mishka Binns joined J.J. Keller & Associates, Inc. in 2022 as an Environmental Industry Business Advisor on

the Environmental, Health & Safety (EHS) Publishing Team. With 8 years of experience in the environmental

compliance ﬁeld, Mishka specializes in The National Environmental Policy Act, Clean Water Act, National

Pollutant Discharge Elimination Systems Program and Spill Prevention Plans. She has signiﬁcant experience

in the areas of project management, determining permitting mechanisms and coordination with regulatory

agencies. Mishka holds a Bachelor of Science (BS) from Florida International University and is working toward

her Master of Science degree in Environmental Resource Management.