Evaporation/Condensation Evaporation: The change from liquid phase to gas phase Condensation: The change from gas phase to liquid phase
Evidence Noticeable signs of a chemical reaction are: production of (1) gas, (2) heat/light, formation of (3) precipitate or a (4) color change
Exothermic A reaction that gets hot because heat energy is released
Extinct Occurs when a species no longer exists
First Quarter Moon The phase with half of the Moon visible as it changes from new moon to full moon; Half the disk with the lighted side on the right
Food Chain The path of food energy from the Sun to the producer then transferred to a series of consumers
Food Web The elaborate interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem
Force A push or pull that can change the motion of an object
Fossil Evidence Fossils found of organisms that could only spread to other areas by land found on continents now separated by vast ocean basins
Freshwater Ecosystem An ecosystem found in streams, lakes, and rivers where the water has less than 1% salt content
Friction A force between two surfaces rubbing against each other; friction works against motion
Full Moon Earth is between the Sun and the Moon, and all of the sunlit part of the Moon can be seen from Earth; the entire disk is illuminated
Galactic Center Rotational center of a huge galaxy such as the Milky Way Galaxy
Galaxy A large grouping of stars in space
Gamma Rays Electromagnetic waves with very high energy and no mass or charge; emitted by the nucleus of a radioactive atom
Gibbous Moon Shape of the Moon that is greater than a quarter moon, but not full
The attraction between two objects due to the invisible force of gravity. The gravitational pull from the Moon is primarily responsible for the tides hat
form on Earth
Group A: Main Group
Elements
Elements in Periodic Table groups 1 (except hydrogen) and 2 and groups 13 to 18
Group B: Transition Elements The 38 elements in groups 3 through 12; the transition elements are both ductile and malleable, and conduct electricity and heat
Groups The columns on a periodic table that arranges the elements by the number of electrons that are in the outside shell
Hemisphere Half of the terrestrial globe or celestial sphere
Herbivore An organism that consumes only plants
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
(HR Diagram)
A plot of the surface temperature (color) of stars vs. their luminosity (brightness)
Heterotroph An organism that must use other organisms for food such as animals
High Tide When the tide is at its greatest elevation
High-Pressure Air Mass An air mass with greater atmospheric pressure the surrounding air masses; air moves away from the high pressure, traveling in a clockwise direction
Host An organisms that is used by another organism for nutrients, shelter, or transport; it is harmed by the relationship
Humidity Amount of water vapor (gas phase of water) present in the air
Hurricane A large, tropical weather system w/ of an extreme low pressure air mass with heavy rains and wind speeds of at least 119 km/h
Independent Variable in a scientific investigation, the factor that is deliberately manipulated
Inertia The tendency of a physical object to remain still or continue moving, unless force is applied
Infrared Waves Electromagnetic waves with longer wavelengths than visible light
Invasive Species An introduced, alien species that lives outside of its native environment and causes a disruption to the native species within an ecosystem
Ion Form as a result of the loss or gain of electrons; indentified by the overall net charge
Irregular-Shaped Galaxy A galaxy that does not fit into any category; a galaxy with very little symmetry
Isotope Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
Lanthanide series A series of metallic elements, included in the rare-earth metals listed in in Group 3 of the Periodic Table
Last Quarter Moon The phase with half of the Moon visible as it changes from full moon to new moon; half of the disk with the lighted side on the left
Law of Conservation of Mass The mass of all reactants must equal the mass of all products, mass is neither created nor destroyed
Lenticular-Shaped Galaxy Galaxy with a central bulge or bar with short arms, if any are present
Light Waves Provide us with visible light spectrum, the colors we see
Light Year A unit of length equal to the distance that light travels through space in one year
Limiting Factor A biotic or abiotic factor needed as a resource for survival; depletion prevents growth or expansion of the organisms or population
Cool, rigid, outermost layer of Earth that is divided into enormous pieces called tectonic plates; consists of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the
mantle