Data collection and sharing relating to short-term accommodation rental services

BRIEFING

EU Legislation in Progress

EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service

Author: Maria Niestadt

Members' Research Service

PE 739.334 – May 2024

Data collection and sharing relating to

short-term accommodation rental

services

OVERVIEW

On 7 November 2022, the European Commission published a proposal for a regulation on data

collection and sharing relating to short-term accommodation rental services. The proposal

contributes to the Commission's priority of making the EU fit for the digital age. To build a future-

ready economy that works for people and builds on the recent Digital Services Act, the proposal

regulates online platforms that connect hosts and guests for short-term accommodation rentals.

The regulation should facilitate the registration of hosts and their short-term rental properties and

reduce inconsistencies in how online platforms share data. It should also help to avoid la rge volumes

of differing data requests imposing a heavy burden on online platforms as well as increasing

consumer confidence in these services.

The European Parliament and the Council of the EU reached a provisional agreement on the file on

16 November 2023. Parliament endorsed the agreed text in plenary on 29 February 2024. After the

Council adopted the act, it was signed by the co-legislators and published in the Official Journal of

the EU on 29 April 2024. It entered into force 20 days later. It will start applying from 20 May 2026.

Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on data collection and

sharing relating to short-term accommodation rental services and amending

Regulation (EU) 2018/1724

Committee

responsible:

Rapporteur:

Shadow rapporteurs:

Internal Market and Consumer Protection (IMCO)

Kim van Sparrentak (Greens/EFA/ Netherlands)

Barbara Thaler (EPP, Austria)

Brando Benifei (S&D, Italy)

Ivars Ijabs (Renew, Latvia)

Carlo Fidanza (ECR, Italy)

Alessandra Basso (ID, Italy)

Kateřina Konečná (The Left/Czechia)

COM(2022) 571

7.11.2022

2022/0358(COD)

Ordinary legislative

procedure (COD)

(Parliament and Council

on equal footing –

formerly 'co-decision')

Procedure complete

Regulation (EU) 2024/1028

OJ L 2024/1028, 29.4.2024

EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service

Introduction

Short-term accommodation rentals offered by individual or professional hosts are nothing new.

However, the global online market has increased significantly in recent years, mainly because of the

expansion of hundreds of online platforms (such as Airbnb, Vacasa, Abritel, Vrbo, Booking, Expedia,

Tripadvisor and Fairbnb) that connect hosts who want to rent their units (e.g. houses, apartments

or rooms) with people who are looking for accommodation.

According to data provided to Eurostat

by four of these providers (Airbnb, Booking, Expedia and

Tripadvisor), more than 1.6 million guests per night stayed in short-term accommodation in the EU

in 2022. In total, guests spent about 597 million nights in short-stay accommodation in 2022.

However, the distribution of guests is uneven both across the EU and within individual countries.

The

most popular cities in terms of guest nights spent in short-term accommodation in 2022 were

Paris (13 984 118 guest nights), Lisbon (8 845 545 guest nights) and Barcelona (8 839 598 guest

nights). Looking at the distribution by type of accommodation, short-term accommodation rentals

represent about

one quarter of the total EU supply of tourist accommodation. During the peak of

the coronavirus pandemic, the guest nights spent at short-term accommodation dropped

considerably: 272 million nights in 2020 and 364 million nights in 2021. However, the number of

guests staying in short-term rentals and the number of guest nights has recovered since the second

half of 2021.

Some researchers and stakeholders (such as representatives of the hospitality sector and cities)

argue that short-term accommodation rentals contribute to problems, such property price infla tion,

displacement of permanent residents,

overtourism,

and unfair competition. They furthermore

cause disturbances such as noise, parking, safety and security issues.

Others (such as some researchers or the online platforms themselves) point to the benefits of short-

term accommodation rentals, such as the fact that they support jobs, bring about a more efficient

use of resources, offer a wider choice of tourism accommodation (enabling a tourism experience

that is often more affordable). It also provides citizens with additional income, which is even more

important now when many struggle to pay their bills due to high inflation. Short-term

accommodation rentals can also increase tourism revenues for other stakeholders (such as the

restaurant industry).

Existing situation

Short-term accommodation rental services are, in principle, covered by Directive 2006/123 (Services

Directive), which places on Member States the obligation to comply with non-discrimination,

necessity and proportionality principles in their market access requirements. Online platforms and

associations representing the short-term rental sector have complained that the rules applicable to

short-term accommodation rental services in some destinations do not respect these requirements.

The European Commission has also launched

infringement procedures against some Member

States (such as Belgium regarding the authorisation procedure and general requirements that the

Brussels region applies to tourist accommodation service providers) due to the breach of the

Services Directive.

Online short-term accommodation rental service platforms that help hosts to connect with

potential guests (intermediation service providers) are themselves subject to several EU laws.

According to the European Court of Justice judgment in case C-390/18

, one of the biggest s uch

platforms, Airbnb, is providing an 'information society service' falling under Directive 2000/31

(

e-Commerce Directive),

amended by Regulation 2022/2065 (Digital Services Act (DSA)). The latter

exempts such platforms from liability for the content provided by their users if they fulfil certain

conditions (i.e. they do not have 'actual knowledge' of illegal content on their site, and upon

obtaining actual knowledge or awareness of illegal activities or illegal content, they act

Data collection and sharing relating to short-term accommodation rental services

expeditiously to remove or to disable access to that content). Recital 12 of the DSA mentions 'the

illegal offer of accommodation services' as an example of what is considered illegal content.

Furthermore, Council Directive 2021/514

(on administrative cooperation in the field of taxation)

requires online platforms to collect and report taxpayer information on platform users who earn

income facilitated by the platform, and Directive 2019/2161 (

Omnibus Directive) introduced

important innovations to protect consumers using online platforms. This latter directive sets an

obligation for online platforms to inform the consumers of whether the third party offering the

services on the site is a trader or not.

Details about the collection and sharing of data on short-term accommodation rental services have

not been harmonised at the EU level. However, Article 10 of the DSA sets some conditions on orders

to provide information. It specifies that if the provider of intermediary services receives an order

from judicial or administrative authorities to provide specific information about the individual

recipients of its service, it has to say, without undue delay, if and when it has given effect to that

order. Before the adoption of the DSA in 2020, the European Commission reached an agreement

with Airbnb, Booking, Expedia Group and Tripadvisor on data sharing. However, local, regional and

national authorities, as well as statistical offices, still struggle to gather exhaustive data on holiday

homes, apartments and rooms in otherwise private buildings, including reliable information on the

identity of the hosts and the duration of the stay. Online platforms themselves also struggle to reply

to information requests, as they differ from one authority to another.

Many short-term accommodation rental aspects are regulated at local, regional and national level.

Understanding the applicable rules is not easy, as they vary across jurisdictions and change

frequently. Although some rules are common to several destinations, there are also marked

differences (see Table 1). In many cities, hosts are required to register, obtain a permit or licence

before accepting guests, adopt safety measures (such as installing a smoke detector), and pay

income, tourism or lodging taxes. There might be also a limit to how many days in a year a unit can

be rented on a short-term basis, a ban on registering properties for short-term rental purposes in

certain areas of the city (for example in

Lisbon), or an obligation for the owner to be present (e.g. in

Paris, if it is the primary residence that is being rented out). Several Member States or cities (such as

the Netherlands or Lisbon) have required online platforms to display a registration number if a

registration scheme is in place. The Dutch Housing Act (in force since January 2022) forbids online

platforms from advertising homes if they have been notified by the municipal authorities that the

host has rented out his/her unit on the short-term accommodation rental platform for more than

the night limit set in that destination. In most cases, fines are envisaged if the host does not abide

by these conditions.

Table 1 – Examples of rules on short-term accommodation rental services

City

Maximum annual number

of days that a host can

rent out a unit on a short-

term basis

Presence of

owner

required

Multiple properties

prohibited

Licence/registration

required

Amsterdam 30 No No Yes

Berlin

90 (if secondary

residence, no limit if

primary residence)

Yes (if secondary

residence)

Yes

Copenhagen

70 (no limit on sharing

private rooms)

No No No

EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service

City

Maximum annual number

of days that a host can

rent out a unit on a short-

term basis

Presence of

owner

required

Multiple properties

prohibited

Licence/registration

required

Dublin

90 (if primary residence,

no limit if secondary

residence)

No No Yes

Lisbon - No No Yes

Madrid 90 No No Yes

Paris

120 (if entire primary

residence, no limit if

secondary residence or

private room rented in

primary residence)

Yes (if

primary

residence)

No (simple

declaration to the

city)

Yes (if secondary

residence)

Rome - No No Yes

Data source: P. Gauß et al., Regulating the Sharing Economy: The Impact of Home-Sharing Ordinances on

Commercial Airbnb Activity, March 2022.

Parliament's starting position

In its resolution of 20 October 2020, the European Parliament noted that EU rules on short-term

accommodation rental should aim to ensure legal certainty and clarity. It called on the Commission

to remove unjustified barriers in this area and agree on the criteria necessary to offer a short-term

rental service (such as registration numbers) in cooperation with all stakeholders. The Parliament

also highlighted the importance of avoiding 'imposing disproportionate information obligations

and unnecessary administrative burden on all providers of services with particular emphasis on

peer-to-peer service providers and SMEs'.

In its 21 January 2021 resolution on access to decent and affordable housing, the Parliament

pointed out that the rapid growth of short-term accommodation rentals is removing housing from

the market and inflating prices. It also called on the Commission to add an obligation for online

short-term rental platforms to share information with public authorities in the proposed DSA.

Several Members of the European Parliament, together with representatives of some of the biggest

cities in Europe, sent an open letter

to the Commissioner for Competition, Margrethe Vestager, and

Commissioner for the Internal Market, Thierry Breton, on 13 July 2022. In this letter, they highlighted

the number of problems created by the rise of short-term rentals, such as shortages of affordable

housing, noise disturbance and health hazards. They urged the Commission to present a legislative

proposal tackling illegal short-term rentals. The signatories particularly called for public authorities

to have clear authorisation and discretion to regulate short-term rentals and put registration

systems in place. According to the signatories, setting the exact requirements of registration should

remain a local, regional or national competence, so that it corresponds to the needs of the

destination. The signatories also called for an EU online tool enabling the exchange of information

between competent authorities and online platforms.

Preparation of the proposal

For the preparation of the proposal, the Commission consulted a broad range of stakeholders,

including public authorities, online platforms, hosts, other service providers (such as hotels), and

Data collection and sharing relating to short-term accommodation rental services

local associations. The Commission organised an open public consultation, stakeholder workshops

and targeted surveys. It also drafted an inception impact assessment. The proposal is supported by

an impact assessment (IA).

Open public consultation

The open public consultation (OPC) ran from 27 September until 13 December 2021 and gathered

almost 5 700 replies

. Most respondents were individual or professional hosts. Booking platforms,

hotel representatives and public authorities also participated in the OPC. Most respondents (in

particular hosts) considered that short-term accommodation rentals have a positive impact on

tourism, offer citizens an additional source of income, create employment and attract visitors. On

the negative side, they considered the impact on long-term rental prices and rising security issues

to be the most pressing problems.

Public authorities noted they struggle to obtain the necessary data for enforcement purposes, citing

two main reasons for this problem: lack of an appropriate legal framework for data sharing and lack

of responses from online platforms. Most respondents (in particular public authorities) supported

the idea of EU-facilitated data sharing requirements. Rather more than half (56.6 %) of the

respondents supported a registration obligation for hosts as a way to increase transparency in this

sector. Most of them believed that, should such an obligation exist, a single registration scheme

based on an EU standard would be preferable. Half of the respondents thought that online platforms

should provide the data requested from public authorities.

Impact assessment

In addition to the baseline scenario (no policy change), the IA analysed three policy options:

 a recommendation encouraging public authorities to put registration schemes in

place for hosts;

 a regulatory intervention introducing a requirement for public authorities wishing to

obtain activity data from online platforms to maintain a registration scheme for hosts

and their units;

 a regulatory intervention introducing a requirement for public authorities to maintain

a registration scheme for all hosts and their units at national level.

The preferred option was Option 2, as it would meet the objectives in a flexible and proportionate

way. Although Option 2 would create compliance costs for online platforms, public authorities and

hosts, it would also help to reduce the number of illegal listings and get better data on short-term

rentals, and enable assessment and mitigation of their ecological footprint.

The IA was submitted to the Regulatory Scrutiny Board (RSB) on 23 June 2022, and it received a

positive opinion with reservations

on 14 November 2022. The RSB asked for a better demonstration

of the internal market dimension of the problems and for proof of the necessity and added value of

action at the EU level. In particular, the board asked for an explanation as to how diverging data

requests create barriers for online platforms to operate, grow and expand in the single market, and

why public authorities struggle to obtain the necessary data. The revised IA received a posit ive

opinion from the RSB.

The changes the proposal would bring

Scope

The proposal applies to online short-term accommodation service platforms that offer services to

hosts providing these services in the EU (whether professional or non-professional), irrespective of

their place of establishment (see Article 2). This includes examples where a host rents a room in

his/her primary residence or his/her entire primary or secondary residence for a limited number of

days in a year (not more than one year). The host does not necessarily need to be the owner of the

EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service

unit. The proposal does not apply to hotels, apartment hotels, hostels, motels or camping grounds,

nor to recreational vehicle and trailer parks. Online platforms that connect hosts with guests without

any further role in the conclusion of the transaction and platforms intermediating the provision of

short-term accommodation rental services without payment (such as home exchanges) are

excluded.

Registration

The proposal (see Articles 4-6) harmonises the registration requirements for hosts and their u nits.

Registration is not obligatory if the destination has not established a registration procedure.

However, Member States have to establish such a procedure if they want to access data about short-

term accommodation rentals. If a registration procedure exists, then hosts should receive a

registration number identifying their unit. The proposed regulation also harmonises the kind of

basic information required for each unit:

 the address of the unit;

 the type of unit;

 whether the unit is offered in whole or in part, and whether it is the host's primary or

secondary residence;

 the maximum number of guests that the unit can accommodate.

Both natural and legal persons also have to provide their name, e-mail, address and telephone

number.

In addition, a natural person must submit a national identification number (or other information

allowing the identification of the person), while a legal person must submit a national business

registration number and the name of all its legal representatives. This information should be

accompanied by documents proving its truthfulness and accuracy. Hosts should be able to update

the information they provide.

Member States may request additional information, for example, to find out whether the host

respects health, safety and consumer protection requirements, or whether the unit is accessible to

persons with disabilities. However, Member States should note that any requirements should

comply with the principles of non-discrimination and proportionality. Member States mus t a lso

ensure that information provided by hosts is secure and confidential (and only for a period necessary

for the identification of the unit – see Article 12).

The competent authorities may verify

the declaration and supporting documents submitted by the

host. If the information is incomplete or incorrect, they may ask for rectification. If the host fails to

rectify, the authority can suspend the validity of their registration number and ask the online

platform to remove or disable access to any listing relating to the unit(s) in question. The host has a

right to be notified and to be heard.

The proposal also includes a number of requirements regarding compliance by design (see

Article 7). Online platforms' interfaces should be designed to require hosts to declare whether t heir

unit(s) is/are in an area covered by a registration procedure. Hosts should also be able to dis play

their registration number. Online platforms should make reasonable efforts to check whether the

hosts' declarations regarding the (non)existence of a registration procedure are correct.

Data sharing

The regulation also reduces the current inconsistencies in how online platforms share activity data

(see Article 9). Online platforms have to carry out random checks on whether hosts register their

units, as well as share data about rented nights and number of guests

with public authorities, once

a month, in an automated way. Public authorities receive this data through 'single digital entry

points'. Small or micro online platforms (with less than 2 500 active hosts) may send this data

Data collection and sharing relating to short-term accommodation rental services

quarterly. Member States have to aggregate the activity data received from online platforms and

send it to national statistical offices and Eurostat on a monthly basis.

Single digital entry point

If a Member State has set up one or more registration procedures, it has to establish a single digital

entry point (see Article 10) to receive and send activity data and facilitate random checks performed

on online platforms. According to the proposal, each Member State should also appoint a national

coordinator to act as the contact point between their national single digital entry point and the

European Commission (see Article 11). The Commission proposed to also establish a single digital

entry-point coordination group to facilitate cooperation between Member States. This group would

facilitate the implementation of the regulation regarding single digital entry points.

Transition period, monitoring and penalties

According to the proposal, Member States have a transition period of 2 years to create or adapt their

existing registration systems as well as to create an information technology infrastructure for data

sharing with online platforms (through single digital entry points). Furthermore, Member States

have to monitor the implementation of the regulation and report to the Commission every 2 years

(see Article 14). Finally, the proposal suggests that Member States lay down rules on the penalties

applicable if online platforms do not follow the rules set out in the regulation (see Article 15). These

penalties should be effective, proportionate and dissuasive.

Advisory committees

On 25 October 2022, the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) adopted an opinion on

the short-term rental initiative (rapporteur Marinel Dănuț Mureșan (Employers' Group, Romania).

The document makes several recommendations, among them that the Commission should carry

out periodic assessments of the short-term rental activities. It furthermore suggests using insurance

policies to replace the requirements for authorisation and calls for helping local and national

authorities to develop efficient tools for adapting short-term rental activities to local circumstances.

The European Committee of the Regions (CoR) adopted an opinion on the proposal (rapporteur:

Roberto Ciambetti (ECR/Italy) on 15 March 2023. The CoR would require the online platforms to

design their interface in a way that makes entering a registration number obligatory.

The CoR also

believes that having such a registration number should not entitle anyone to offer his or her unit on

the online platform before the authorisation procedure has been completed.

National parliaments

The subsidiarity deadline for national parliaments was 7 February 2023. No reasoned opinions were

issued by or beyond that date.

Stakeholder views

There had been many calls for the Commission to adopt such a proposal. For example, a Eur o cities

(representing 22 cities in Europe

) position paper from 2020 called 'for a new European legislative

framework for the Digital Single Market, which will ensure that holiday rental platforms are obliged

to share relevant data with city administrations'. Again in 2020, a similar call was made in an online

roundtable between representatives of the Eurocities network covering more than 200 cities in

38 EU countries, and European Commission Vice-President Margrethe Vestager.

In a joint statement of October 2022, the European Federation of Food, Agriculture, and Tourism

Trade Unions (EFFAT) and the Association of Hotels, Restaurants, Pubs and Cafés and similar

establishments in Europe (HOTREC) welcomed the Commission's intention to present a legislative

initiative on short-term accommodation rental services. It called on the Commission to intr oduce a

mandatory host registration system and mandatory data-sharing obligations for platforms. It also

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called for basic rules for all hosts and measures leading to a level of health, safety and security for

guests in short-term rentals comparable to that established for other tourism accommodation

services. Finally, it noted the importance of effective enforcement. HOTREC m ade s imilar po ints in

its July 2022 position paper on EU-wide regulation of short-term accommodation rental services.

Most reactions following the publication of the proposal were rather positive. In general,

stakeholders welcomed the Commission proposal, but their views varied in terms of the concrete

requirements for hosts, public authorities and platforms. The feedback period

set by the

Commission was 8 November 2022 to 12 January 2023.

In its January 2023 position paper, HOTREC added that the regulation should better clarify its scope

and some definitions (such as 'unit'). It also called for more flexibility and ambition when it comes to

data and information provided by hosts. Finally, HOTREC stated that online platforms should take

on a greater role and responsibility in ensuring that hosts comply with the rules.

The European Holiday Home Association (EHHA) noted that its members are already s h ar ing

short-term rental data with the authorities. It stated that 'the proposal provides a great opportunity

to increase the transparency, improve the understanding of the STR ecosystem, and support fair,

proportionate and evidence-based policies at all levels'.

In its position paper, Airbnb called on the Commission to take a stronger role in assessing and

verifying whether the competent authorities have established fair and proportional registration

rules for hosts. In addition, Airbnb would have preferred an EU-level single data entry point to

27 single data entry points at Member State level.

While welcoming the proposal, Ruraltour (the European Federation of Rural Tourism) called for

clarifying what type of service the term 'short-term accommodation rental service' stands for. It also

suggested drawing a greater distinction between individual and professional hosts.

The International Union of Tenants considered the Commission proposal to be a step in the right

direction but that it does not tackle one of the main problems: 'professional profit-oriented

exploitation of the housing market', which exacerbates the affordable housing shortage in the EU

and beyond.

In its opinion, the European Data Protection Supervisor proposed to specify that none of the

personal data processed would be used for law enforcement, tax or customs purposes. It also

proposed to specify what categories of personal data hosts would have to submit to the competent

authorities and to clarify the text on the maximum period for storing personal data.

Most stakeholders (such as HOTREC, EHHA, Eurocities and Airbnb) have welcomed the provisional

agreement on this file and believe that it serves as a tool to level the playing field between the

providers of short-term rental and other accommodation. Airbnb also believes that the new rules

could serve as a global example. HOTREC has reiterated the importance of enforcement.

Legislative process

In the Parliament, the file was assigned to the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer

Protection (IMCO), with Kim van Sparrentak (Greens/EFA/the Netherlands) as rapporteur. The

Committees on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE) and Transport and Tourism (TRAN)

were asked to provide opinions. The LIBE committee decided not to give an opinion.

Kim van Sparrentak published her draft report

on the proposal on 4 May 2023. The draft report

asked for clarifications as regards the types of information the host needs to provide to allow the

precise identification of the unit. It also expressed the view that competent authorities should have

greater powers, such as to suspend or withdraw the validity of a registration number whenever a

host has given them incorrect information or they have serious doubts about the validity of a host's

registration number. The draft report also suggested that the regulation should start to apply

12 months (not 24 months, as suggested by the Commission) after the date of its entry into force.

Data collection and sharing relating to short-term accommodation rental services

The IMCO committee adopted its report on the proposal on 19 September 2023 (with 31 vo t es in

favour, 0 votes against, and 1 abstention) and decided to open interinstitutional negotiations. The

Parliament as a whole confirmed this decision during its October I plenary session. Members

supported the Commission proposal to harmonise the rules on the sharing and collection of data

relating to short-term rental services. As proposed by the Commission, Member States would have

to set up a single digital entry point to receive data from platforms about the hosts' activity on a

monthly basis. Members proposed to clarify the information needed from hosts (such as the exact

address of the unit) and ensure that registration is free of charge. Members also introduced

amendments to simplify data-sharing procedures and ensure the interoperability of IT systems. They

added a definition of an 'authorisation scheme' and suggested that online platforms would have to

make the registration number in the listing clearly visible. Online platforms would also have to carry

out regular random checks to verify the listings.

The Council agreed on a general approach on the file on 2 March 2023. It supported the creation of

a data collection and sharing framework at EU level, while amending some articles to improve the

regulation's clarity, feasibility and legal certainty. In particular, the Council proposed changes to the

definitions (e.g. to delete the definition of 'active hosts' and add a definition of 'authorisation

scheme') and proposed to delete Article 8 on registration procedures for data reporting.

The Parliament and the Council reached a provisional agreement on the file on 16 November 2023.

The agreement supports the regulation's main objectives while introducing several amendments.

The main points of the provisional agreement are the following.

 Member States that require online short-term rental platforms to transmit data to

competent authorities would have to set up an online registration procedure for

short-term rental properties free of charge (or at a reasonable and proportionate cost).

 Each unit

should be subject to only one registration procedure per Member State.

 During this registration procedure, hosts should provide information (in digital or

paper format) such as the specific address of the unit;

the type of unit; whether the

unit is offered in whole or in part: whether it is the host's primary or secondary

residence; and the maximum number of available bed places and guests that the unit

accommodates.

 Online platforms would have to make 'reasonable efforts' to check if the information

provided during the registration procedure is correct.

 Member States would have to set up a single digital entry point to receive data from

online platforms about the hosts' activity on a monthly basis (every 3 months for

micro and small platforms with an average of 4 250 listings or less). These single

digital entry points would be interoperable and would guarantee data protection.

 The activity data should be kept in a secure manner and no longer than 18 months

after their receipt.

Following the endorsement of the agreement by the Committee of Permanent Representatives of

the EU Member States (Coreper) on 6 December 2023, the IMCO committee approved it on

24 January 2024 (with 41 votes in favour, 0 votes against, and 1 abstention). The Parliament plenary

voted in favour of the agreement on 29 February 2024 (493 in favour, 14 against, and 33 abstentions)

and the Council voted on the act on 18 March 2024. The act was then published in the Official Journal

of the EU on 29 April 2024 as Regulation 2024/1028

and entered into force 20 days later. It will start

applying as of 20 May 2026.

EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT SUPPORTING ANALYSIS

De Streel A. and Husovec M., The e-commerce Directive as the cornerstone of the Internal Market,

European Parliament, 2020.

Juul M., Tourism and the sharing economy, European Parliament, 2017.

Madiega T., Digital services act, European Parliament, November 2022.

OTHER SOURCES

European Parliament, Data collection and sharing relating to short-term accommodation rental services,

Legislative Observatory (OEIL).

ENDNOTES

The research carried out for the European Parliament's Committee on Transport and Tourism (TRAN) defines

overtourism as a 'situation in which the impact of tourism, at certain times and in certain locations, exceeds physical ,

ecological, social, economic, psychological, and/or political capacity thresholds'.

More precisely, the Court concluded that the Airbnb 'service is not aimed only at providing immediate

accommodation services, but rather it consists essentially of providing a tool for presenting and finding

accommodation for rent, thereby facilitating the conclusion of future rental agreements'.

In the amendments to Article 7 of Directive 2005/29/EC.

These rules may change frequently.

After issuing a registration number.

Personal data on guests are not shared.

If in this area, the registration procedure has already been established or already applies.

This section aims to provide a flavour of the debate and is not intended to be an exhaustive account of all different

views on the proposal. Additional information can be found in related publications listed under 'European Parliament

supporting analysis'.

Amsterdam, Athens, Barcelona, Berlin, Bologna, Bordeaux, Brussels, Cologne, Florence, Frankfurt, Helsinki, Krakow,

London, Milan, Munich, Paris, Porto, Prague, Utrecht, Valencia, Vienna and Warsaw.

Furnished accommodation that is the subject of the provision of a short-term accommodation rental service.

Such as apartment or mailbox number, the floor the unit is on, land registry reference.

DISCLAIMER AND COPYR

IGHT

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Fourth edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative

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