A Guide to Bed Bug Safety

Protect your belongings!

Bed bugs like to ride on personal items like jackets and bags. Bed

bugs rarely climb onto a moving body.

Limit the number of items you carry with you. If you enter an area you

think might have bed bugs, do not place your belongings on the ﬂoor

or on furniture. Seal these items in plastic bags or plastic bins when

you stay in a suspected area for any length of time.

Place clothing and belongings in a clothes dryer when you get home

to kill any bed bugs and their eggs. Keep the dryer on high heat for at

least 20 minutes.

The Basics

The Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, or CDC, has information

about bed bugs here:

https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/bedbugs/index.html

The Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, has information about

bed bugs here:

https://www.epa.gov/bedbugs/

For More Information

December 25, 2020

Bed bugs (Cimex Lectularius) are small insects that feed on human

and animal blood. They are most active when people are asleep. Bed

bugs can get into your home by attaching themselves to used

furniture and personal items like bags and clothing.

You may not notice bed bugs because they hide in cracks when they

are not feeding. Bug sprays and pesticides alone are not enough to

get rid of bed bugs. The best way to treat a bed bug problem is to use

both non-chemical and chemical methods.

About Bed Bugs

December 25, 2020

You can recognize bed bugs from their:

• Droppings and blood stains on mattresses or furniture

• Appearance

Bed bugs have three basic life stages: egg, nymph, and adult.

An adult bed bug is about the size of an apple seed, oval shaped, rusty

brown in color, wingless, and as thin as a credit card. Bed bug nymphs

are smaller and clear or tan in color. Bed bugs that have just fed will

be swollen and stretched out. All bed bugs have six legs and two

antennae.

Many common household insects can be mistaken for bed bugs.

Proper identiﬁcation is required to provide the correct treatment.

How Do I Recognize Bed Bugs?

December 25, 2020

Despite their name, bed bugs do not live only in beds. They can be

found almost anywhere in your home that provides a place to hide.

Any crack or crevice with an opening as thin as a credit card can

provide a hiding place.

You can often ﬁnd where bed bugs are hiding by looking for black or

brown spots on and around surfaces where they rest. Eggs and shed

skin casings will also be found near these areas. Bed bugs do not

hide in brightly lit areas. Be sure to use a ﬂashlight, magnifying glass,

and crevice tool to help you with your inspection.

How Do I Inspect My Home For Bed Bugs?

December 25, 2020

• Mattresses and box springs

• Bed frames & head boards

• Night stands and dressers

• Curtains

• Window and door frames

• Pictures and picture frames

• Loose wallpaper and peeling paint

• Hard and upholstered furniture

• Behind baseboards and electrical outlets

• Joints in hard wood ﬂoors

• Crevices behind molding

• Any other places that provide a dark, narrow crevice

Places Bed Bugs Are Commonly Found

December 25, 2020

• Call several licensed and insured pest management companies

and get written estimates.

• Insist on and check references.

• Look for companies that oﬀer both chemical and non-chemical

control.

• Insist on pre-inspection as part of the estimate process.

• Technicians should be willing to talk with you about treatment

options and guarantees.

• An eﬀective bed bug control plan should take multiple treatments

and inspections. Make sure these are covered in the estimate.

• Compare warranties and guarantees.

• The best way to get rid of bed bugs is to hire a professional pest

control company with experience in bed bug control. If you do not

use a professional, you can use products or procedures described

on the following pages to control bed bugs.

How Do I Find A Reliable Pest Control

Professional

December 25, 2020

Vacuuming

Vacuum cracks and crevices on a regular basis. Take your time. Use

the crevice tool attachment to remove the largest number of bugs

and eggs. Do not use a bristle attachment, which may transfer eggs

from one room to another. You should also vacuum mattresses

before you purchase mattress encasements (see below). Vacuums

do not kill bed bugs or their eggs, so be sure to empty the bag or

canister into a sealed trash bag after you vacuum.

Sealing

Bed bugs can travel between row homes through small openings

and areas with wires and cables. Protect yourself by sealing wall/

ﬂoor junctures with caulk to prevent bed bugs from traveling

through. Install foam padding behind electrical outlet faceplate

covers to create a tight seal.

Mattress Encasements

It is a bad idea to throw out your mattress at the ﬁrst sign of bed

bugs. Bed bugs will follow you wherever you sleep. It is a better idea

to use the money you would need to buy new mattress to hire a

professional pest management company. You can use bed bug

encasements to protect both mattresses and box springs.

Encasements reduce hiding spots and make it easier to detect an

infestation. Be sure to purchase an encasement made for bed bugs.

Allergen covers will not work. Always check the encasement from

time to time for any rips or tears.

What You Can Do to Help Your Pest Control

Professional

December 25, 2020

Cleaning

When you see a blood spot, clean it up right away. Cleaning up blood

spots will make it easier to detect new bed bugs and provide a more

sanitary home environment.

General cleaning will also remove bed bugs and eggs. Cleaning can

also help you to tell the diﬀerence between roaches and bed bugs.

Bed bug excrement will smear reddish brown before washing away.

Laundry

Laundering items on the hottest setting will kill bed bugs and eggs.

You should allow items to dry on the hottest setting for at least 20

minutes after they appear to be fully dry. Pillows, comforters and

other thick items may take longer. After laundering, store items in

airtight bags to prevent re-infestation.

What You Can Do To Help Your Pest Control

Professional (continued)

December 25, 2020

• Do not bring discarded bed frames, mattresses, box springs or

upholstered furniture found on the street into your home.

• Check all used or rented furniture for bed bugs.

• While traveling, inspect the bed and furniture.

• Keep suitcases oﬀ the ﬂoor and bed, and inspect them before you

leave.

• If you suspect you have been around bed bugs, immediately wash

and dry your clothing on the hot settings.

How Do I Control Bed Bugs?

December 25, 2020

• Do not relocate to another area of the house. Bed bugs will follow

their host and may infest new areas of your house.

• Do not use a total release fogger for bed bug control. Foggers will

spread an infestation to other areas of your home and possibly to

neighboring properties.

• Do not turn up the thermostat to kill bed bugs. A home furnace

will not reach the required temperatures to kill bed bugs.

• Do not bag up furniture and leave it outside during winter

months. Freezing temperatures may not kill all bed bugs and their

eggs.

• Do not throw out your furniture at the ﬁrst sighting of bed bugs.

Most furniture can be treated by a professional to remove bed

bugs and eggs.

What Not To Do When Dealing With Bed Bugs

December 25, 2020

If you are a landlord, to rent a property in Philadelphia you must:

• Develop a written Bed Bug Control Plan that follows best practices as

deﬁned by the National Pest Management Association and follow it;

• Give this brochure to your tenant before you enter into a new lease;

and;

• Inform the tenant in writing before you enter into a new lease about

any bed bug infestation in the rental unit in the previous 120 days

and what steps were taken to remediate it. If there was no

infestation during that time, you must inform the tenant of this in

writing.

If you are a landlord and you receive a complaint that one of your

rental units is (or is reasonably suspected to be) infested with bed

bugs, you must:

• Acknowledge the complaint within ﬁve days;

• Have a pest management professional investigate the rental unit for

the presence of bed bugs within 10 days;

• If there is an infestation, remediate the rental unit until a pest

management professional determines that there is no evidence of

bed bugs in the unit;

• In buildings with four or more units, have a pest management

professional investigate the rental units above, below, and adjacent

to the unit about which you received the complaint;

(continued on next page)

What Must Landlords Do?

December 25, 2020

What Must Landlords Do? (continued)

December 25, 2020

• Provide tenants with at least 24-hours notice before entering a unit

to inspect, remediate or monitor it for bed bugs;

• Provide any tenants in units aﬀected by a bed bug complaint a

written notice of the pest management professional’s determination

of whether there is a bed bug infestation within ﬁve business days of

when you receive it;

• Provide all tenants in a building notiﬁcation of results of an

investigation of the presence of bed bugs in common areas of that

building;

• Obtain bed bug monitoring services for 12 months after an

infestation has been remediated, and if the unit is leased to a new

tenant during the monitoring period, explain the monitoring

activities to the new tenant and continue monitoring; and

• Maintain a written record for two years of all bed bug complaints

and control measures provided, including reports of chemicals and

other remedies used by the pest management professional and any

other reports prepared by the pest management professional.

Who Must Pay for Remediation?

The landlord is responsible for hiring pest control professionals to investigate bed bug

complaints and eliminate infestations. The landlord is responsible for the full cost if the

infestation is reported within 365 days after “lease commencement” (the first day you are

permitted to live in the rental unit) or within 180 days after bed bugs were found in an

adjoining unit. After this time period, the landlord and tenant share in reasonable costs

for the pest control services.

Exception: A tenant who lives in housing managed by the Philadelphia Housing Authority

or who pays rent with government vouchers or subsidies is not responsible for a share of

the costs.

In Philadelphia, if you are a tenant, you must:

• Not knowingly bring into the building furniture or other personal

items that are infested with bed bugs;

• Notify your landlord in writing within ﬁve business days if you

suspect that your unit or a building common area is infested with

bed bugs;

• Cooperate with any reasonable recommendations made by a pest

management professional hired by the landlord to investigate and

remediate a bed bug infestation, including:

 Allowing the pest management professional to come into your

rental unit at reasonable times to inspect for bed bugs or

remediate the bed bugs;

 Not interfering with the pest management professional’s

inspections or remediation eﬀorts;

 Preparing your unit for treatment, such as cleaning or moving

furniture, as recommended by the pest management

professional; and

 Carrying out other reasonable recommendations of the pest

management professional.

What Must Tenants Do?

December 25, 2020